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<p>Examination of high-resolution visible channel satellite imageries during the peak Indian summer monsoon (ISM) season (July-August) of 2018 suggests that the north and the south Arabian Sea on either side of ~ 12°N appears to have distinct cloud regimes particularly on the eastern Arabian Sea and adjoining west coast of India (EAWC). On the north, marine roll clouds (MRC) and closed convective cloud cells (C4) both reported mostly over mid- and high-latitude oceans whereas on the south, dendritic clouds, squall lines and deep convective clouds reported over the tropical oceans are frequently observed. Such simultaneous occurrence of two distinct cloud regimes over the EAWC is intriguing. Such co-existence is observed about 50% of the days of the peak monsoon season of 2018. It is interesting to note that the size of the C4 and its further transformation into disorganised enhanced convective cloud cells over the north EAWC is matching with the size of the off-shore vortices reported in earlier studies. Based on the size, direction of movement, wind pattern and rainfall occurrence, it can be inferred that the off-shore vortices are nothing but C4 or its transformed structure. Reason behind the simultaneous existence of tropical as well as mid-/high-latitude cloud regimes over the EAWC and their physical and radiative properties are studied. Results from the study stress the need to (i) consider the northern and southern parts of EAWC separately to better understand ISM activity and (ii) reproduce the secondary circulation in numerical weather prediction models for more realistic monsoon prediction.</p>

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Co-existence of two distinct cloud regimes over the East Arabian Sea and adjoining west coast of India during the summer monsoon season

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月29日

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  • B. Swathi,
  • V. Sathiyamoorthy

摘要

Examination of high-resolution visible channel satellite imageries during the peak Indian summer monsoon (ISM) season (July-August) of 2018 suggests that the north and the south Arabian Sea on either side of ~ 12°N appears to have distinct cloud regimes particularly on the eastern Arabian Sea and adjoining west coast of India (EAWC). On the north, marine roll clouds (MRC) and closed convective cloud cells (C4) both reported mostly over mid- and high-latitude oceans whereas on the south, dendritic clouds, squall lines and deep convective clouds reported over the tropical oceans are frequently observed. Such simultaneous occurrence of two distinct cloud regimes over the EAWC is intriguing. Such co-existence is observed about 50% of the days of the peak monsoon season of 2018. It is interesting to note that the size of the C4 and its further transformation into disorganised enhanced convective cloud cells over the north EAWC is matching with the size of the off-shore vortices reported in earlier studies. Based on the size, direction of movement, wind pattern and rainfall occurrence, it can be inferred that the off-shore vortices are nothing but C4 or its transformed structure. Reason behind the simultaneous existence of tropical as well as mid-/high-latitude cloud regimes over the EAWC and their physical and radiative properties are studied. Results from the study stress the need to (i) consider the northern and southern parts of EAWC separately to better understand ISM activity and (ii) reproduce the secondary circulation in numerical weather prediction models for more realistic monsoon prediction.