<p>Extreme precipitation in New Guinea may induce anomalous heating, leading to change in the Walker circulation. Present study investigates the reason for the occurrence of extreme precipitation in New Guinea during boreal winters of 1996–2022 using multiple datasets. Composite analysis reveals distinct atmospheric circulation patterns corresponding to New Guinea extreme precipitation during El Niño and La Niña winters. During El Niño winters, anomalous upward motion extends westward from the equatorial central Pacific to New Guinea, indicating a broad eastward shift of the Walker circulation. During La Niña winters, anomalous upward motion dominates New Guinea and anomalous downward motion lies over the equatorial central Pacific, signifying an eastward extension of the ascending branch of the Walker circulation. Cluster analysis reveals two types of atmospheric circulation patterns and synoptic disturbances leading to extreme precipitation in New Guinea. During El Niño winter, one cluster features a northwest-southeast contrast of anomalous vertical motion between the South China Sea-Philippines and New Guinea and the other cluster a west-east contrast of anomalous vertical motion between southeast tropical Indian Ocean and New Guinea. The synoptic disturbance leading to extreme precipitation in New Guinea is a southeastward moving anomalous cyclone from the South China Sea and a westward moving anomalous cyclone from the tropical central Pacific, respectively. During La Niña winters, both clusters features a west-east contrast of anomalous vertical motion. The synoptic disturbance leading to extreme precipitation in New Guinea is a pair of westward moving anomalous cyclone from east and an anomalous cyclone from southeast, respectively.</p>