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<p>The relationship between the Tibetan Plateau (TP) climate and the South Asian monsoon is a subject of extensive research. During July-August (JA), the TP zonal shear line (ZSL) is a key precipitation system in the atmospheric boundary layer over the TP. The TP ZSL frequency variability exhibits a pronounced anti-phase relationship in precipitation between the southeastern TP (SETP) and northwestern South Asia (Pakistan), with correlations of 0.75 over the TP and − 0.75 over Pakistan. Both observational and simulation results indicate that frequent ZSL occurrence over the central TP enhances low-level convergence along the ZSL. This promotes local precipitation and latent heat release, which subsequently induces a counterclockwise zonal-vertical circulation anomaly between the SETP and Pakistan. The circulation anomaly is characterized by ascending motion over the SETP, descending motion over Pakistan, with upper-tropospheric easterly outflow from the TP toward Pakistan and mid-to-lower tropospheric westerly moisture transport back to the TP. Such a mechanism favors precipitation over the SETP while suppressing it over Pakistan, which provides new insights into the impacts of the TP weather system on the South Asian monsoon precipitation.</p>

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The Tibetan Plateau zonal shear line induces a zonal dipole pattern of summer precipitation between the Southeastern Plateau and Pakistan via a thermodynamic teleconnection

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月30日

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  • Xiaohong Bao,
  • Xiuping Yao,
  • Ping Zhao

摘要

The relationship between the Tibetan Plateau (TP) climate and the South Asian monsoon is a subject of extensive research. During July-August (JA), the TP zonal shear line (ZSL) is a key precipitation system in the atmospheric boundary layer over the TP. The TP ZSL frequency variability exhibits a pronounced anti-phase relationship in precipitation between the southeastern TP (SETP) and northwestern South Asia (Pakistan), with correlations of 0.75 over the TP and − 0.75 over Pakistan. Both observational and simulation results indicate that frequent ZSL occurrence over the central TP enhances low-level convergence along the ZSL. This promotes local precipitation and latent heat release, which subsequently induces a counterclockwise zonal-vertical circulation anomaly between the SETP and Pakistan. The circulation anomaly is characterized by ascending motion over the SETP, descending motion over Pakistan, with upper-tropospheric easterly outflow from the TP toward Pakistan and mid-to-lower tropospheric westerly moisture transport back to the TP. Such a mechanism favors precipitation over the SETP while suppressing it over Pakistan, which provides new insights into the impacts of the TP weather system on the South Asian monsoon precipitation.