<p>El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a primary driver of Southern Hemisphere circulation variability, yet the dynamical origin of the stronger teleconnections associated with Central-Pacific (CP) events relative to Eastern-Pacific (EP) events remains incompletely understood. Using reanalysis data and numerical experiments, we show that this contrast arises from the interaction between the regional Hadley circulation (HC) and the subtropical jet (STJ). This interaction depends on their three-dimensional alignment and therefore cannot be adequately captured by traditional zonal-mean HC diagnostics. During austral winter, the CP-related Pacific regional HC intensifies and extends poleward, aligning enhanced upper-tropospheric divergence with the STJ core. This alignment allows divergence anomalies to project more efficiently onto the climatological vorticity field associated with the STJ, thereby generating a stronger Rossby wave source. In addition, regional HC-driven meridional heat transport modifies the STJ structure and Rossby wave number, thereby strengthening the waveguide and enabling more efficient poleward propagation of the stationary wave train. In contrast, EP ENSO is associated with weaker and more tropically confined HC anomalies, resulting in less effective alignment with the STJ and limited downstream wave-train propagation. These results identify regional HC–STJ coupling as a key dynamical perspective for understanding ENSO teleconnection diversity and highlight its relevance given the projected increase in CP ENSO occurrence under climate change.</p>