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<p>While there is a wealth of studies on ENSO teleconnections in response to greenhouse gas forcing, the ENSO-high latitude sea surface temperature (SST) teleconnections with varying CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations are less unknown. Based on varying CO<sub>2</sub> concentration experiments, we find remarkable changes in the ENSO and high-latitude SST teleconnection from an increasing (ramp-up) to a decreasing (ramp-down) CO<sub>2</sub> concentration period. During CO<sub>2</sub> increase periods, El Niño induces high-latitude SST warming, whereas during CO<sub>2</sub> decrease periods, El Niño results in high-latitude SST cooling. La Niña exhibits the opposite SST responses to El Niño during both CO<sub>2</sub> increase and decrease periods. This study demonstrates that altered precipitation patterns associated with ENSO events play a key role in modulating atmospheric teleconnections, which in turn drives in ENSO and high-latitude SST teleconnections by influencing oceanic northward heat transport and oceanic advection within the high-latitude. This relationship provides useful information for correctly projecting the state of the high-latitude SST under varying CO<sub>2</sub> concentration.</p>

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Changes in ENSO and high-latitude SST relationship with varying CO2 concentration

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月28日

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  • Sung-Hyun Song,
  • Sang-Wook Yeh,
  • Se-Yong Song,
  • Soon-Il An,
  • Jong-Seong Kug,
  • Hyun-Su Jo

摘要

While there is a wealth of studies on ENSO teleconnections in response to greenhouse gas forcing, the ENSO-high latitude sea surface temperature (SST) teleconnections with varying CO2 concentrations are less unknown. Based on varying CO2 concentration experiments, we find remarkable changes in the ENSO and high-latitude SST teleconnection from an increasing (ramp-up) to a decreasing (ramp-down) CO2 concentration period. During CO2 increase periods, El Niño induces high-latitude SST warming, whereas during CO2 decrease periods, El Niño results in high-latitude SST cooling. La Niña exhibits the opposite SST responses to El Niño during both CO2 increase and decrease periods. This study demonstrates that altered precipitation patterns associated with ENSO events play a key role in modulating atmospheric teleconnections, which in turn drives in ENSO and high-latitude SST teleconnections by influencing oceanic northward heat transport and oceanic advection within the high-latitude. This relationship provides useful information for correctly projecting the state of the high-latitude SST under varying CO2 concentration.