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<p>The El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is one of the most important air-sea coupling systems with global impacts. The regime shift of ENSO properties across the late 1990s has been reported by substantial studies. Understanding influences of the changed ENSO has important implications for extratropical climate variability. This study reveals an amplifying impact of ENSO on the Alaska’s surface air temperature in spring since 1999/2000. The typical pattern in the tropical Pacific sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) linking with ENSO shifts from an equatorial eastern Pacific (EP) type to a central Pacific (CP) one. Aligned with such a westward shift in the associated SSTA centers after 2000, a stronger and better-organized atmospheric teleconnection originating from the tropical Pacific towards the Arctic Pacific sector is observed. Anomalous southerly (northerly) in Alaska induced by the CP-type El Niño-like (La Niña-like) SSTA pattern results in the local warming (cooling) via the temperature advection process, which has been confirmed by numerical experiments performed with the Linear baroclinic model (LBM). We further find that the relative zonal distance between the anomalous warming and cooling centers in the tropical Pacific associated with ENSO determines, to a large extent, the response of the atmospheric circulation in Alaska. Thus, for a comprehensive understanding of the global impacts of the late-1990s changes in ENSO, we should consider the spatial configuration of ENSO-related SSTAs in the tropical Pacific.</p>

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Strengthened influence of ENSO regime shift on the spring surface air temperature in Alaska since 1999/2000

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月19日

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  • Xintong Liu,
  • Yuanyuan Guo,
  • Zhiping Wen

摘要

The El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is one of the most important air-sea coupling systems with global impacts. The regime shift of ENSO properties across the late 1990s has been reported by substantial studies. Understanding influences of the changed ENSO has important implications for extratropical climate variability. This study reveals an amplifying impact of ENSO on the Alaska’s surface air temperature in spring since 1999/2000. The typical pattern in the tropical Pacific sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) linking with ENSO shifts from an equatorial eastern Pacific (EP) type to a central Pacific (CP) one. Aligned with such a westward shift in the associated SSTA centers after 2000, a stronger and better-organized atmospheric teleconnection originating from the tropical Pacific towards the Arctic Pacific sector is observed. Anomalous southerly (northerly) in Alaska induced by the CP-type El Niño-like (La Niña-like) SSTA pattern results in the local warming (cooling) via the temperature advection process, which has been confirmed by numerical experiments performed with the Linear baroclinic model (LBM). We further find that the relative zonal distance between the anomalous warming and cooling centers in the tropical Pacific associated with ENSO determines, to a large extent, the response of the atmospheric circulation in Alaska. Thus, for a comprehensive understanding of the global impacts of the late-1990s changes in ENSO, we should consider the spatial configuration of ENSO-related SSTAs in the tropical Pacific.