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<p>Holocene climate variability in the Central Plains of China plays a key role in regulating East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) precipitation and regional hydrology, yet high‐resolution lacustrine records from this region remain limited. Here we present a multi‐proxy study of the Pu Tian (PT) core (34° 45′ N, 113° 48′ E; 85&#xa0;m a.s.l.) from Zhengzhou, integrating grain‐size end‐member modeling and organic carbon isotopes (δ<sup>13</sup>C<sub>org</sub>) to reconstruct Late Holocene (~ 3350–2560&#xa0;cal. yr BP) environmental and climatic changes. End‐member analysis identifies three silt‐dominated components with mean grain sizes of 7.56&#xa0;μm (EM1), 23.46&#xa0;μm (EM2), and 49.76&#xa0;μm (EM3), indicating persistent lacustrine sedimentation under variable hydrodynamic conditions. Five sedimentary stages are recognized: ~ 3350–3100&#xa0;cal. yr BP, enhanced lake hydrodynamics; ~ 3100–2880&#xa0;cal. yr BP, stable fine‐grained sedimentation; ~ 2880–2820&#xa0;cal. yr BP, short‐lived hydrodynamic intensification with elevated EM3; ~ 2820–2630&#xa0;cal. yr BP, extremely stable low‐energy deposition dominated by EM1; and ~ 2630–2560&#xa0;cal. yr BP, renewed variability. The persistent absence of sand fractions indicates minimal fluvial disturbance and confirms a dominantly lacustrine depositional setting. Combined δ<sup>13</sup>C<sub>org</sub>, C/N ratios, and pollen data show that organic matter is primarily derived from aquatic algae with minor terrestrial C<sub>3</sub> input, allowing δ<sup>13</sup>C<sub>org</sub> to reflect lake productivity and effective moisture. The long‐term positive shift of δ<sup>13</sup>C<sub>org</sub> record indicates progressive drying from ~ 3350 to 2560&#xa0;cal. yr BP, with pronounced centennial‐scale fluctuations, including marked instability around ~ 2800&#xa0;cal. yr BP. Comparison with regional speleothem δ<sup>18</sup>O records reveals a coherent Late Holocene weakening of the EASM, consistent with declining Northern Hemisphere summer insolation and enhanced El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO)‐related variability. These forcings jointly regulated monsoon strength, lake‐water balance, and carbon cycling in the Central Plains of China.</p>

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Late Holocene climate and environmental changes in the Central Plains of China: evidence from lacustrine stratigraphic records

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月2日

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  • Peng Chen,
  • Xue Lu,
  • Mengting Wu,
  • Zhengchuang Hui

摘要

Holocene climate variability in the Central Plains of China plays a key role in regulating East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) precipitation and regional hydrology, yet high‐resolution lacustrine records from this region remain limited. Here we present a multi‐proxy study of the Pu Tian (PT) core (34° 45′ N, 113° 48′ E; 85 m a.s.l.) from Zhengzhou, integrating grain‐size end‐member modeling and organic carbon isotopes (δ13Corg) to reconstruct Late Holocene (~ 3350–2560 cal. yr BP) environmental and climatic changes. End‐member analysis identifies three silt‐dominated components with mean grain sizes of 7.56 μm (EM1), 23.46 μm (EM2), and 49.76 μm (EM3), indicating persistent lacustrine sedimentation under variable hydrodynamic conditions. Five sedimentary stages are recognized: ~ 3350–3100 cal. yr BP, enhanced lake hydrodynamics; ~ 3100–2880 cal. yr BP, stable fine‐grained sedimentation; ~ 2880–2820 cal. yr BP, short‐lived hydrodynamic intensification with elevated EM3; ~ 2820–2630 cal. yr BP, extremely stable low‐energy deposition dominated by EM1; and ~ 2630–2560 cal. yr BP, renewed variability. The persistent absence of sand fractions indicates minimal fluvial disturbance and confirms a dominantly lacustrine depositional setting. Combined δ13Corg, C/N ratios, and pollen data show that organic matter is primarily derived from aquatic algae with minor terrestrial C3 input, allowing δ13Corg to reflect lake productivity and effective moisture. The long‐term positive shift of δ13Corg record indicates progressive drying from ~ 3350 to 2560 cal. yr BP, with pronounced centennial‐scale fluctuations, including marked instability around ~ 2800 cal. yr BP. Comparison with regional speleothem δ18O records reveals a coherent Late Holocene weakening of the EASM, consistent with declining Northern Hemisphere summer insolation and enhanced El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO)‐related variability. These forcings jointly regulated monsoon strength, lake‐water balance, and carbon cycling in the Central Plains of China.