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<p>In recent years, glacier shrinkage and frozen soil degradation have accelerated in the central and western Tibetan Plateau (CWTP), yet it remains unclear how soil moisture (SM) anomalies induced by freeze-thaw affect thermal conditions. Using ERA5-Land dataset, this study analyzes the influence of spring SM anomalies on thermal conditions in the subsequent summer. Results show that March SM anomalies in CWTP exhibit a north–south dipole pattern and are significantly correlated with land surface temperature (LST) in June. When spring SM in CWTP exhibits a “dry in the north and wet in the south” pattern, a geopotential height anomaly wave train from eastern Europe through the Iranian Plateau to the northeastern Tibetan Plateau (TP) emerges in the mid-and-upper-troposphere, increasing the southerly wind over the Pamir Plateau. Water vapor on the southwestern slope of TP flows clockwise from the Bay of Bengal to the Arabian Sea, then converges across the Pamir Plateau. Consequently, water vapor does not ascend onto the TP, resulting in divergence and reduced precipitation over the southwestern TP. Meanwhile, fewer low clouds increase net solar radiation reaching the surface, enhancing the sensible heat flux and evaporation, which is not conducive to SM retention. As a result, soil in the southwestern TP changes from wet to dry, triggering positive feedback between SM and LST that contributes to warming the entire TP. Whereas it is opposite when the spring SM in CWTP displays a “wet north and dry south” pattern. These conclusions are also found in the CMIP6 model simulations.</p>

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Influence of spring soil moisture in the central and western Tibetan Plateau on the thermal conditions of underlying surface

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月2日

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  • Shanshan Zhong,
  • Yumeng Liu,
  • Yuning Xia,
  • Xinchang Zhang

摘要

In recent years, glacier shrinkage and frozen soil degradation have accelerated in the central and western Tibetan Plateau (CWTP), yet it remains unclear how soil moisture (SM) anomalies induced by freeze-thaw affect thermal conditions. Using ERA5-Land dataset, this study analyzes the influence of spring SM anomalies on thermal conditions in the subsequent summer. Results show that March SM anomalies in CWTP exhibit a north–south dipole pattern and are significantly correlated with land surface temperature (LST) in June. When spring SM in CWTP exhibits a “dry in the north and wet in the south” pattern, a geopotential height anomaly wave train from eastern Europe through the Iranian Plateau to the northeastern Tibetan Plateau (TP) emerges in the mid-and-upper-troposphere, increasing the southerly wind over the Pamir Plateau. Water vapor on the southwestern slope of TP flows clockwise from the Bay of Bengal to the Arabian Sea, then converges across the Pamir Plateau. Consequently, water vapor does not ascend onto the TP, resulting in divergence and reduced precipitation over the southwestern TP. Meanwhile, fewer low clouds increase net solar radiation reaching the surface, enhancing the sensible heat flux and evaporation, which is not conducive to SM retention. As a result, soil in the southwestern TP changes from wet to dry, triggering positive feedback between SM and LST that contributes to warming the entire TP. Whereas it is opposite when the spring SM in CWTP displays a “wet north and dry south” pattern. These conclusions are also found in the CMIP6 model simulations.