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<p>This study reports findings from a decade (2013–2022) of continuous measurements of incoming (PAR<sub>d</sub>) and reflected (PAR<sub>u</sub>) photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), alongside incoming (K<sub>d</sub>) and reflected (K<sub>u</sub>) shortwave radiation at Kopytkowo, Biebrza National Park, Poland. The area is a distinctive European wetland ecosystem. The PAR<sub>d</sub> and PAR<sub>u</sub> measurements enabled calculation of PAR albedo (α<sub>PAR</sub>) and the PAR<sub>u</sub>/K<sub>u</sub> ratio, allowing for monitoring of seasonal shifts and vegetation growth dynamics. During the growing season, the photosynthetic response to PAR<sub>d</sub> was examined via light response curves of net ecosystem production obtained using the eddy covariance method. Long-term data identified two radiative-nephological seasons, influenced by astronomical factors and cloud cover. These seasons shape daily and instantaneous PAR<sub>d</sub> totals, with June reaching highs of 65&#xa0;mol&#xa0;m<sup>−2</sup>&#xa0;d<sup>−1</sup> and December lows under 7&#xa0;mol&#xa0;m<sup>−2</sup>&#xa0;d<sup>−1</sup>. Vegetation growth (April–October) drives reflected PAR levels, as shown by α<sub>PAR</sub> and PAR<sub>u</sub>/K<sub>u</sub> ratio values below 0.05 and 0.20, indicating light assimilation by plants. June presented optimal growth conditions, where favourable cloud cover allowed maximum radiation penetration, achieving peak light response curve parameters that were well-fitted and statistically significant.</p>

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Long-term dynamics of PAR and CO2 exchange in a temperate wetland: vegetation development and climatic drivers

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月9日

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  • Jan Górowski,
  • Krzysztof Fortuniak,
  • Mariusz Siedlecki,
  • Włodzimierz Pawlak

摘要

This study reports findings from a decade (2013–2022) of continuous measurements of incoming (PARd) and reflected (PARu) photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), alongside incoming (Kd) and reflected (Ku) shortwave radiation at Kopytkowo, Biebrza National Park, Poland. The area is a distinctive European wetland ecosystem. The PARd and PARu measurements enabled calculation of PAR albedo (αPAR) and the PARu/Ku ratio, allowing for monitoring of seasonal shifts and vegetation growth dynamics. During the growing season, the photosynthetic response to PARd was examined via light response curves of net ecosystem production obtained using the eddy covariance method. Long-term data identified two radiative-nephological seasons, influenced by astronomical factors and cloud cover. These seasons shape daily and instantaneous PARd totals, with June reaching highs of 65 mol m−2 d−1 and December lows under 7 mol m−2 d−1. Vegetation growth (April–October) drives reflected PAR levels, as shown by αPAR and PARu/Ku ratio values below 0.05 and 0.20, indicating light assimilation by plants. June presented optimal growth conditions, where favourable cloud cover allowed maximum radiation penetration, achieving peak light response curve parameters that were well-fitted and statistically significant.