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<p>As a crucial circulation system influencing the weather and climate of China and even East Asia, the western North Pacific subtropical high (WNPSH) has been systematically characterized by three key metric systems, namely, geopotential height (<i>H</i>), eddy geopotential height (<i>He</i>), and stream function (<i>R</i>). This study aims to explore the application performances of these WNPSH indices, defined within different metric systems, through the use of various statistical analyses and information entropy methods. The results indicate that, with respect to statistical characteristics, both <i>He</i> and <i>R</i> metrics exhibit normal distributions and demonstrate stationary time series, with no systematic changes over time. In contrast, the <i>H</i> metric shows skewed distributions, non-stationary time series characteristics and relatively lower predictability, which are mainly attributed to the long-term increasing trends induced by global warming. When evaluating the ability to indicate summer precipitation, the <i>R</i> metric performs well overall, showing strong correlations with both regional precipitation and anomalous precipitation events. The <i>He</i> metric, however, provides a better indication of precipitation in the Yangtze River Basin. An investigation into the dynamical performance reveals that the <i>He</i> and <i>R</i> metrics exhibit high correlations with key physical quantities, such as relative vorticity, vertical velocity, and water vapor flux. That could explain their superior performance in indicating summer precipitation. Overall, this study exhibits crucial results for the performance of WNPSH indices under different metric systems from various perspectives, providing valuable insights and beneficial guidance for future operational applications.</p>

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Which metric of the WNPSH index can be better applied for practical applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月14日

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  • Deqian Li,
  • Shujuan Hu,
  • Yuchen Wu,
  • Jianjun Peng,
  • Haihong Yang,
  • Bingqian Zhou,
  • Lu Ma,
  • Zhihai Zheng

摘要

As a crucial circulation system influencing the weather and climate of China and even East Asia, the western North Pacific subtropical high (WNPSH) has been systematically characterized by three key metric systems, namely, geopotential height (H), eddy geopotential height (He), and stream function (R). This study aims to explore the application performances of these WNPSH indices, defined within different metric systems, through the use of various statistical analyses and information entropy methods. The results indicate that, with respect to statistical characteristics, both He and R metrics exhibit normal distributions and demonstrate stationary time series, with no systematic changes over time. In contrast, the H metric shows skewed distributions, non-stationary time series characteristics and relatively lower predictability, which are mainly attributed to the long-term increasing trends induced by global warming. When evaluating the ability to indicate summer precipitation, the R metric performs well overall, showing strong correlations with both regional precipitation and anomalous precipitation events. The He metric, however, provides a better indication of precipitation in the Yangtze River Basin. An investigation into the dynamical performance reveals that the He and R metrics exhibit high correlations with key physical quantities, such as relative vorticity, vertical velocity, and water vapor flux. That could explain their superior performance in indicating summer precipitation. Overall, this study exhibits crucial results for the performance of WNPSH indices under different metric systems from various perspectives, providing valuable insights and beneficial guidance for future operational applications.