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<p>Extreme cold events (ECEs) are typical weather and climate extremes in boreal winter and could significantly influence human health and society. Based on daily data from 1958 to 2024 and the K-means cluster analysis, this study focuses on the ECEs over East Asia and divides their occurrence locations into three types, i.e., the Eastern-Moving Southward (E-MS) type, the Northwestern-Stationary (NW-S) type, and the Southwestern-Climbing (SW-C) type. The intensity and lifetime of the E-MS ECEs rank in the middle of three types of ECEs over East Asia. The cold airmass of E-MS ECEs originates from the Baikal Lake, moves southeastward towards eastern East Asia, and leads to low temperatures over the East Asian coastal regions. The associated atmospheric circulation features the negative phase of the Arctic Oscillation (AO) and a Rossby-wave train resembling the positive phase of the Eurasian (EU) pattern and the negative phase of the East Atlantic/West Russia pattern. The NW-S ECEs are featured by the strongest intensity with the longest lifetime. Their cold airmass is primarily located north of 40°&#xa0;N over the northwestern East Asia with the quasi-stationary cold anomalies induced by the atmospheric blocking over the Ural Mountains. The negative phases of AO, EU, and Scandinavian pattern account for the evolution and change of NW-S ECEs over East Asia. The SW-C ECEs are characterized by the weakest cold intensity and mainly affect the southwestern East Asia. The associated cold airmass presents the evidently eastward-propagating characteristics of climbing the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, which can be attributed to a weakly positive phase of AO and the southern branch of the positive EU pattern.</p>

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Three types of extreme cold events over East Asia and the associated atmospheric circulations

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月29日

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  • Chuang Zheng,
  • Lin Wang,
  • Yuyun Liu,
  • Zizhen Dong

摘要

Extreme cold events (ECEs) are typical weather and climate extremes in boreal winter and could significantly influence human health and society. Based on daily data from 1958 to 2024 and the K-means cluster analysis, this study focuses on the ECEs over East Asia and divides their occurrence locations into three types, i.e., the Eastern-Moving Southward (E-MS) type, the Northwestern-Stationary (NW-S) type, and the Southwestern-Climbing (SW-C) type. The intensity and lifetime of the E-MS ECEs rank in the middle of three types of ECEs over East Asia. The cold airmass of E-MS ECEs originates from the Baikal Lake, moves southeastward towards eastern East Asia, and leads to low temperatures over the East Asian coastal regions. The associated atmospheric circulation features the negative phase of the Arctic Oscillation (AO) and a Rossby-wave train resembling the positive phase of the Eurasian (EU) pattern and the negative phase of the East Atlantic/West Russia pattern. The NW-S ECEs are featured by the strongest intensity with the longest lifetime. Their cold airmass is primarily located north of 40° N over the northwestern East Asia with the quasi-stationary cold anomalies induced by the atmospheric blocking over the Ural Mountains. The negative phases of AO, EU, and Scandinavian pattern account for the evolution and change of NW-S ECEs over East Asia. The SW-C ECEs are characterized by the weakest cold intensity and mainly affect the southwestern East Asia. The associated cold airmass presents the evidently eastward-propagating characteristics of climbing the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, which can be attributed to a weakly positive phase of AO and the southern branch of the positive EU pattern.