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<p>Over the past 50&#xa0;years, the Indian Ocean has experienced the highest warming rates among ocean basins. This warming leads to an increase in atmospheric water vapor and a tropical basin temperature gradient that affects winds and moisture beyond the neighboring nations of the Indian Ocean, extending as far as the Pacific Ocean. However, the interaction between the Indian and Atlantic Oceans remains less understood, though evidence indicates significant moisture transport between them. Therefore, this study investigates the climatology of moisture flux between the Indian and the Atlantic Oceans and quantifies the long-term trends in these basins. The ocean basins were separated and the moisture flux between them was calculated using ERA5 from 1959 to 2020. We show that vertically integrated moisture over the Indian Ocean basin increases seasonally in JJA coinciding with the Asian monsoon season and moisture flux from the Indian Ocean to the Atlantic is greater in MAM and SON. In addition, the results indicate increasing trend of E–P and salinity. The final remarks highlight the warming of the Indian Ocean, indicating a greater availability of atmospheric moisture. Additionally, we emphasize the existence and importance of moisture transport between the Indian and Atlantic Oceans. Finally, the convergence and divergence of moisture flux in key regions influencing the redistribution of atmospheric moisture.</p>

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Climatology and trends of moisture transport between the Indian and Atlantic Ocean basins

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月29日

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  • Iara M. Scricco,
  • Andréa S. Taschetto,
  • Lincoln M. Alves

摘要

Over the past 50 years, the Indian Ocean has experienced the highest warming rates among ocean basins. This warming leads to an increase in atmospheric water vapor and a tropical basin temperature gradient that affects winds and moisture beyond the neighboring nations of the Indian Ocean, extending as far as the Pacific Ocean. However, the interaction between the Indian and Atlantic Oceans remains less understood, though evidence indicates significant moisture transport between them. Therefore, this study investigates the climatology of moisture flux between the Indian and the Atlantic Oceans and quantifies the long-term trends in these basins. The ocean basins were separated and the moisture flux between them was calculated using ERA5 from 1959 to 2020. We show that vertically integrated moisture over the Indian Ocean basin increases seasonally in JJA coinciding with the Asian monsoon season and moisture flux from the Indian Ocean to the Atlantic is greater in MAM and SON. In addition, the results indicate increasing trend of E–P and salinity. The final remarks highlight the warming of the Indian Ocean, indicating a greater availability of atmospheric moisture. Additionally, we emphasize the existence and importance of moisture transport between the Indian and Atlantic Oceans. Finally, the convergence and divergence of moisture flux in key regions influencing the redistribution of atmospheric moisture.