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<p>The Pacific–Japan (PJ) pattern is a significant teleconnection influencing the East Asian summer climate across multiple timescales. Previous studies indicated that the tropical Pacific and Indian Ocean variability may largely contribute to the PJ variability, while the influence from the tropical Atlantic is relatively less understood. This study suggests that the tropical South Atlantic (TSA) sea surface temperature (SST) can drive the PJ pattern in boreal summer via analysis of observational and reanalysis datasets and numerical experiments. Multiple atmospheric dynamical processes and atmosphere–ocean interactions contribute to this teleconnection. The TSA warming excites a Kelvin wave pattern that propagates eastward to the tropical Indo-Western Pacific. The meridional gradient of Kelvin wave-induced easterly anomalies over the Western North Pacific&#xa0;(WNP) generates anticyclonic anomalies, further amplified by barotropic energy conversion, triggering a PJ-like circulation anomaly. Additionally, the easterly wind anomaly may heat the SST over the Maritime Continent through the wind-evaporation-SST effect, further enhancing the PJ pattern through diabatic heating. This finding builds a teleconnection from the tropical Atlantic to the East Asia summer climate and offers insights for additional predicational potentials for the East Asian summer monsoon. It might help to improve climate prediction and future projection in East Asia and have broad implications for agriculture, energy supply, and public health in this region.</p>

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Remote effect of tropical South Atlantic variability on the Pacific–Japan pattern

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月12日

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  • Wenwen Yang,
  • Xichen Li,
  • Lin Wang,
  • Yurong Hou,
  • Yonghao Wang,
  • Yujie Miao,
  • Weihan Ma

摘要

The Pacific–Japan (PJ) pattern is a significant teleconnection influencing the East Asian summer climate across multiple timescales. Previous studies indicated that the tropical Pacific and Indian Ocean variability may largely contribute to the PJ variability, while the influence from the tropical Atlantic is relatively less understood. This study suggests that the tropical South Atlantic (TSA) sea surface temperature (SST) can drive the PJ pattern in boreal summer via analysis of observational and reanalysis datasets and numerical experiments. Multiple atmospheric dynamical processes and atmosphere–ocean interactions contribute to this teleconnection. The TSA warming excites a Kelvin wave pattern that propagates eastward to the tropical Indo-Western Pacific. The meridional gradient of Kelvin wave-induced easterly anomalies over the Western North Pacific (WNP) generates anticyclonic anomalies, further amplified by barotropic energy conversion, triggering a PJ-like circulation anomaly. Additionally, the easterly wind anomaly may heat the SST over the Maritime Continent through the wind-evaporation-SST effect, further enhancing the PJ pattern through diabatic heating. This finding builds a teleconnection from the tropical Atlantic to the East Asia summer climate and offers insights for additional predicational potentials for the East Asian summer monsoon. It might help to improve climate prediction and future projection in East Asia and have broad implications for agriculture, energy supply, and public health in this region.