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<p>Central Indian Region (CIR), which lies in the core monsoon zone, is susceptible to Widespread EREs (WEREs) during the Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) season, significantly affecting the rainfed agriculture and ultimately the economy of the region. Though the dynamics of ISM extremes have been studied before, a little attention has been paid to addressing the vertical moist thermodynamic structures of atmosphere which may also play a decisive role in the evolution of such WEREs. This study uses ERA5 and INSAT-3D atmospheric sounding datasets, to investigate the evolution of dynamic and moist thermodynamic characteristics of the vertical atmosphere, preceding the WEREs over CIR. Additionally, it also attempts to attribute the dynamic and thermodynamic contributions of moisture advection to atmospheric water budget during these extremes. Results indicate that the WEREs are primarily contributed by large scale precipitation over the CIR. Results also suggest that it is the large-scale moisture influx (aggravated by the local dynamic and thermodynamic factors) that mainly leads to the advent of these extremes. A strong warming in the middle troposphere, cooling in the lower troposphere and higher moisture accumulation throughout the middle to lower troposphere are also observed to be associated with the extreme days. This study also brings out that vertical advection of moisture is the major contributor to the moisture budget. Furthermore, the dynamic term (enforced by the large scale circulation driven vertical velocity anomalies) contributes &gt; 90% to the vertical advection of moisture during the WEREs over CIR.</p>

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Widespread monsoon extreme rainfall events over central Indian region: influence of dynamics and thermodynamics

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月8日

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  • Deepak Pandidurai,
  • Raju Attada,
  • Rohit Chakraborty,
  • Amita Kumari,
  • Prashant Kumar

摘要

Central Indian Region (CIR), which lies in the core monsoon zone, is susceptible to Widespread EREs (WEREs) during the Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) season, significantly affecting the rainfed agriculture and ultimately the economy of the region. Though the dynamics of ISM extremes have been studied before, a little attention has been paid to addressing the vertical moist thermodynamic structures of atmosphere which may also play a decisive role in the evolution of such WEREs. This study uses ERA5 and INSAT-3D atmospheric sounding datasets, to investigate the evolution of dynamic and moist thermodynamic characteristics of the vertical atmosphere, preceding the WEREs over CIR. Additionally, it also attempts to attribute the dynamic and thermodynamic contributions of moisture advection to atmospheric water budget during these extremes. Results indicate that the WEREs are primarily contributed by large scale precipitation over the CIR. Results also suggest that it is the large-scale moisture influx (aggravated by the local dynamic and thermodynamic factors) that mainly leads to the advent of these extremes. A strong warming in the middle troposphere, cooling in the lower troposphere and higher moisture accumulation throughout the middle to lower troposphere are also observed to be associated with the extreme days. This study also brings out that vertical advection of moisture is the major contributor to the moisture budget. Furthermore, the dynamic term (enforced by the large scale circulation driven vertical velocity anomalies) contributes > 90% to the vertical advection of moisture during the WEREs over CIR.