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<p>Sex-based disparities in chronic heart failure (CHF) extend beyond clinical outcomes, encompassing psychological burden, self-care behaviors, and quality of life. In response to Sawatari and Niitani’s recent findings, we critically examine underlying mechanisms and systemic contributors to these disparities. Drawing on evidence from psychocardiology, multimorbidity research, and sex-specific heart failure phenotypes, we argue that future investigations must adopt a biopsychosocial framework. Addressing physiologic stress responses, gendered health behaviors, and structural inequities will be vital to developing equitable, personalized CHF care. </p>

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Unpacking the gender divide: a critical examination of sex disparities in chronic heart failure

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月9日

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  • Muhammad Khubaib Iftikhar,
  • Qurat ul ain Iftikhar

摘要

Sex-based disparities in chronic heart failure (CHF) extend beyond clinical outcomes, encompassing psychological burden, self-care behaviors, and quality of life. In response to Sawatari and Niitani’s recent findings, we critically examine underlying mechanisms and systemic contributors to these disparities. Drawing on evidence from psychocardiology, multimorbidity research, and sex-specific heart failure phenotypes, we argue that future investigations must adopt a biopsychosocial framework. Addressing physiologic stress responses, gendered health behaviors, and structural inequities will be vital to developing equitable, personalized CHF care.