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<p>Estimating the multi-year average air–sea CO<sub>2</sub> flux over a large area usually involves the use of monthly mean variables from the atmosphere and ocean. Ignoring sub-monthly processes will blur the oceanic carbon cycle, especially when the synoptic and sub-seasonal scale processes are significant, like in the South China Sea (SCS). Based on an empirical relationship between the partial pressure of CO<sub>2</sub> in water and the sea surface temperature (SST), we recalculated the air–sea CO<sub>2</sub> flux of the SCS with daily products of atmospheric reanalysis and SST. Our results show that the sub-monthly process contributes 10% of the total CO<sub>2</sub> flux of the SCS and can even alter the sign of the CO<sub>2</sub> flux in the spring. In the near-surface coupling process, intramonthly variations in surface winds play the dominant role, except in regions with significant ocean eddies. The co-spectrum analysis of SST and wind speed reveals the most essential oscillation of &gt;20 days. Therefore, a product of the sea surface environment for 10-day intervals can better estimate the air–sea CO<sub>2</sub> flux over the SCS than monthly data.</p>

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Sub-monthly Processes Contribute Significantly to CO2 Uptake in the South China Sea

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月13日

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  • Xiaojing Wang,
  • Bo Han,
  • Gong Zhang,
  • Changwei Liu,
  • Qinghua Yang

摘要

Estimating the multi-year average air–sea CO2 flux over a large area usually involves the use of monthly mean variables from the atmosphere and ocean. Ignoring sub-monthly processes will blur the oceanic carbon cycle, especially when the synoptic and sub-seasonal scale processes are significant, like in the South China Sea (SCS). Based on an empirical relationship between the partial pressure of CO2 in water and the sea surface temperature (SST), we recalculated the air–sea CO2 flux of the SCS with daily products of atmospheric reanalysis and SST. Our results show that the sub-monthly process contributes 10% of the total CO2 flux of the SCS and can even alter the sign of the CO2 flux in the spring. In the near-surface coupling process, intramonthly variations in surface winds play the dominant role, except in regions with significant ocean eddies. The co-spectrum analysis of SST and wind speed reveals the most essential oscillation of >20 days. Therefore, a product of the sea surface environment for 10-day intervals can better estimate the air–sea CO2 flux over the SCS than monthly data.