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<p>Silicon (Si) is increasingly recognized as a crucial modulator of crop health, conferring resistance to a wide range of biotic stresses while influencing soil fertility and microbial communities. In plants, Si enhances structural defenses through cell wall reinforcement and silica deposition, and activates biochemical pathways including antioxidant systems, defense enzymes, and hormone-mediated signaling. Si also reshapes rhizosphere microbiomes, selectively promoting beneficial bacteria and fungi while suppressing pathogens, creating feedback loops that enhance nutrient availability and plant resilience. Conventional Si sources, such as silicate salts and industrial byproducts, provide effective soil and foliar supplementation, whereas emerging nano-silicon formulations offer improved bioavailability and targeted delivery, though their environmental fate and long-term safety require further assessment. Despite robust evidence of agronomic benefits, critical gaps remain in understanding Si perception, molecular signaling, genotype and environment interactions, and long-term ecosystem impacts. Future research should integrate mechanistic studies, multi-omics approaches, long-term field trials, breeding of silicon-efficient cultivars, and precision management tools. When embedded within holistic, agroecological systems, Si represents a promising, sustainable strategy to enhance crop productivity, resilience, and soil health.</p>

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Soil-derived silicon as a multi-level modulator driving nutrient cycling, rhizosphere microbes, and plant immunity for sustainable crop defense

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月25日

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  • Hossam S. El-Beltagi,
  • Maryam M. Alomran,
  • Nagwa Khedr,
  • Mohamed S. Al Saikhan,
  • Tarek A. Shalaby,
  • Emad H. Khedr

摘要

Silicon (Si) is increasingly recognized as a crucial modulator of crop health, conferring resistance to a wide range of biotic stresses while influencing soil fertility and microbial communities. In plants, Si enhances structural defenses through cell wall reinforcement and silica deposition, and activates biochemical pathways including antioxidant systems, defense enzymes, and hormone-mediated signaling. Si also reshapes rhizosphere microbiomes, selectively promoting beneficial bacteria and fungi while suppressing pathogens, creating feedback loops that enhance nutrient availability and plant resilience. Conventional Si sources, such as silicate salts and industrial byproducts, provide effective soil and foliar supplementation, whereas emerging nano-silicon formulations offer improved bioavailability and targeted delivery, though their environmental fate and long-term safety require further assessment. Despite robust evidence of agronomic benefits, critical gaps remain in understanding Si perception, molecular signaling, genotype and environment interactions, and long-term ecosystem impacts. Future research should integrate mechanistic studies, multi-omics approaches, long-term field trials, breeding of silicon-efficient cultivars, and precision management tools. When embedded within holistic, agroecological systems, Si represents a promising, sustainable strategy to enhance crop productivity, resilience, and soil health.