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<p>Optimal nitrogen (N) fertilization is critical for balancing grain yield and quality in intensive rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.) production systems. However, how N-splitting regimes influence the trade-off between hybrid rice yield and quality, and the underlying rhizosphere microbial mechanisms, remain poorly understood. Here, a field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of four widely adopted N-splitting regimes (basal:tillering:panicle = 3:3:4, 4:3:3, 5:3:2, 5:5:0) on rice yield and grain quality. By integrating high-throughput amplicon sequencing with network and regression analyses, we investigated the dynamics of rhizosphere ecological modules throughout key growth stages under varying N-splitting regimes and identified their correlations with rice yield and quality. Results showed that the 5:5:0 regime produced the highest grain yield, whereas the 3:3:4 regime resulted in superior grain quality. Nitrogen application timing reshaped stage-specific assembly of rhizosphere microbial communities by selectively enriching distinct bacterial and fungal ecological modules. Notably, early enrichment of the nitrifying archaeal module (Nitrosotaleales) under the 3:3:4 regime was associated with improved grain quality, whereas its late enrichment under the 5:5:0 regime was correlated with increased grain yield. Fungal ecological modules dominated by Agaricomycetes, Sordariomycetes and Eurotiomycetes under the 3:3:4 regime during reproductive stages were associated with enhanced grain quality, potentially by facilitating soil carbon (C) and N remobilization and promoting plant growth. Overall, our study demonstrates that N-splitting regimes mediate rhizosphere microbiome succession and modular organization, thereby providing a microbial ecological basis for designing fertilization strategies that jointly optimize crop productivity and grain quality.</p>

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Nitrogen application timing drives stage-specific rhizosphere ecological clusters that regulate the yield-quality trade-off in hybrid rice

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月22日

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  • Jiaping Lang,
  • Deqiang Mao,
  • Xuebin Xu,
  • Caihong Shao,
  • Li Xiong,
  • Jianhui Yang,
  • Yifan Qin,
  • Chen Chen,
  • Jianping Chen,
  • Tida Ge,
  • Haoqing Zhang

摘要

Optimal nitrogen (N) fertilization is critical for balancing grain yield and quality in intensive rice (Oryza sativa L.) production systems. However, how N-splitting regimes influence the trade-off between hybrid rice yield and quality, and the underlying rhizosphere microbial mechanisms, remain poorly understood. Here, a field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of four widely adopted N-splitting regimes (basal:tillering:panicle = 3:3:4, 4:3:3, 5:3:2, 5:5:0) on rice yield and grain quality. By integrating high-throughput amplicon sequencing with network and regression analyses, we investigated the dynamics of rhizosphere ecological modules throughout key growth stages under varying N-splitting regimes and identified their correlations with rice yield and quality. Results showed that the 5:5:0 regime produced the highest grain yield, whereas the 3:3:4 regime resulted in superior grain quality. Nitrogen application timing reshaped stage-specific assembly of rhizosphere microbial communities by selectively enriching distinct bacterial and fungal ecological modules. Notably, early enrichment of the nitrifying archaeal module (Nitrosotaleales) under the 3:3:4 regime was associated with improved grain quality, whereas its late enrichment under the 5:5:0 regime was correlated with increased grain yield. Fungal ecological modules dominated by Agaricomycetes, Sordariomycetes and Eurotiomycetes under the 3:3:4 regime during reproductive stages were associated with enhanced grain quality, potentially by facilitating soil carbon (C) and N remobilization and promoting plant growth. Overall, our study demonstrates that N-splitting regimes mediate rhizosphere microbiome succession and modular organization, thereby providing a microbial ecological basis for designing fertilization strategies that jointly optimize crop productivity and grain quality.