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<p>Long-term continuous cropping of foxtail millet (<i>Setaria italica</i>) typically exacerbates <i>Fusarium</i> wilt and autotoxicity; however, rare healthy plants (HP) thrive in monoculture fields with &gt; 8 years of cultivation. We hypothesized that HP rhizospheres develop disease-suppressive capacities mediated by a keystone bacterium. In the long-term continuous cropping plots, the HP had much higher aboveground and belowground biomass, panicle weight per plant, and grain weight per panicle than the diseased plants (DP). The growth performance of HP in the long-term continuous cropping plots was even similar to that of control plants in the non-continuous cropping plots (foxtail millet-maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) rotation). Compared to DP, HP rhizospheres showed lower <i>F. oxysporum</i> abundance and reduced cinnamic acid level, while soil slurry inoculation assays confirmed this suppressiveness. 16&#xa0;S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that HP rhizospheres enriched <i>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</i> (ASV1275; 4.8 × higher than DP rhizospheres). From the HP rhizosphere soils, we isolated <i>B. amyloliquefaciens</i> YD35 (99.8% match to ASV1275), and YD35 inoculation reduced wilt incidence rates and increased biomass and root length by concurrently disrupting autotoxicity-pathogen synergy. <i>B. amyloliquefaciens</i> YD35 degraded cinnamic acid via polyphenol oxidase (80% of activity increase) and produced antifungal lipopeptides (iturin A and fengycin) in the rhizosphere soils. Therefore, we propose a dual-mechanism model wherein foxtail millet recruits <i>B. amyloliquefaciens</i> YD35 to degrade phenolic toxins and deploy targeted antibiosis, facilitating spontaneous disease suppression in long-term monoculture. Our results provide insight into a native solution for cereal replant disease and help advance microbiome-assisted sustainable agriculture.</p>

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Dual-functional Bacillus amyloliquefaciens mediates autotoxin degradation and pathogen suppression in monocropped foxtail millet

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月27日

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  • Yang Xuefang,
  • Du Dan,
  • Yang Xueping,
  • Xue Ruiqing,
  • Hu Chunyan,
  • Sun Dasheng,
  • Yuan Xiangyang,
  • Ma Chunsen

摘要

Long-term continuous cropping of foxtail millet (Setaria italica) typically exacerbates Fusarium wilt and autotoxicity; however, rare healthy plants (HP) thrive in monoculture fields with > 8 years of cultivation. We hypothesized that HP rhizospheres develop disease-suppressive capacities mediated by a keystone bacterium. In the long-term continuous cropping plots, the HP had much higher aboveground and belowground biomass, panicle weight per plant, and grain weight per panicle than the diseased plants (DP). The growth performance of HP in the long-term continuous cropping plots was even similar to that of control plants in the non-continuous cropping plots (foxtail millet-maize (Zea mays L.) rotation). Compared to DP, HP rhizospheres showed lower F. oxysporum abundance and reduced cinnamic acid level, while soil slurry inoculation assays confirmed this suppressiveness. 16 S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that HP rhizospheres enriched Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (ASV1275; 4.8 × higher than DP rhizospheres). From the HP rhizosphere soils, we isolated B. amyloliquefaciens YD35 (99.8% match to ASV1275), and YD35 inoculation reduced wilt incidence rates and increased biomass and root length by concurrently disrupting autotoxicity-pathogen synergy. B. amyloliquefaciens YD35 degraded cinnamic acid via polyphenol oxidase (80% of activity increase) and produced antifungal lipopeptides (iturin A and fengycin) in the rhizosphere soils. Therefore, we propose a dual-mechanism model wherein foxtail millet recruits B. amyloliquefaciens YD35 to degrade phenolic toxins and deploy targeted antibiosis, facilitating spontaneous disease suppression in long-term monoculture. Our results provide insight into a native solution for cereal replant disease and help advance microbiome-assisted sustainable agriculture.