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<p>The soil is a spatially heterogenous environment. Having a strategy to obtain a representative soil sample is thus crucial for the characterization of soil (a)biotic parameters. Here, we proposed and validated a design-based (systematic and random) soil sampling strategy, enabling the determination of the minimum sampling size for parameters anticipated to respond differently (i.e., less and more sensitive/dynamic) to environmental changes. Different sampling scenarios were also tested in silico. The sampling design to obtain a field-scale mean is largely variable-dependent. Despite soil spatial heterogeneity, results indicate that stratified random sampling with <i>n</i> ≤ 20 composited samples are adequate to obtain a representative and unbiased mean in a 1-ha field. Our dataset is made available for future assessments of sampling designs in fields with comparable agricultural practices.</p>

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Design-based soil sampling strategy for unbiased and precise soil characteristics in arable fields

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月10日

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  • Daria Frohloff,
  • Andreas Rytz,
  • Michael Clare,
  • Claudio Cropano,
  • Guillaume Lassalle,
  • Marcus A. Horn,
  • Elodie Soussan,
  • Adrian Ho

摘要

The soil is a spatially heterogenous environment. Having a strategy to obtain a representative soil sample is thus crucial for the characterization of soil (a)biotic parameters. Here, we proposed and validated a design-based (systematic and random) soil sampling strategy, enabling the determination of the minimum sampling size for parameters anticipated to respond differently (i.e., less and more sensitive/dynamic) to environmental changes. Different sampling scenarios were also tested in silico. The sampling design to obtain a field-scale mean is largely variable-dependent. Despite soil spatial heterogeneity, results indicate that stratified random sampling with n ≤ 20 composited samples are adequate to obtain a representative and unbiased mean in a 1-ha field. Our dataset is made available for future assessments of sampling designs in fields with comparable agricultural practices.