<p>A graph <i>G</i> has a strong parity factor if for every subset <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="373_2025_2962_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="79" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(X\subseteq V(G)\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> with |<i>X</i>| even, <i>G</i> has a spanning subgraph <i>F</i> with minimum degree at least one such that <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="373_2025_2962_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="72" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(d_F(v)\equiv 1\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="373_2025_2962_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="58" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\((\text {mod}~2)\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> for all <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="373_2025_2962_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="48" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(v\in X\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, and <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="373_2025_2962_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="73" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(d_F(u)\equiv 0\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="373_2025_2962_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="58" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\((\text {mod}~2)\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> for all <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="373_2025_2962_Article_IEq7.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="109" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(u\in V(G)-X\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. In this paper, we give a sufficient spectral condition for the existence of a strong parity factor in a connected graph with minimum degree <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="373_2025_2962_Article_IEq8.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="12" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\delta\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, and an upper bound for the third largest eigenvalue in a connected <i>r</i>-regular graph to have a strong parity factor.</p>

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Spectral Conditions for a Graph to have Strong Parity Factors

  • Yingui Pan

摘要

A graph G has a strong parity factor if for every subset \(X\subseteq V(G)\) with |X| even, G has a spanning subgraph F with minimum degree at least one such that \(d_F(v)\equiv 1\) \((\text {mod}~2)\) for all \(v\in X\) , and \(d_F(u)\equiv 0\) \((\text {mod}~2)\) for all \(u\in V(G)-X\) . In this paper, we give a sufficient spectral condition for the existence of a strong parity factor in a connected graph with minimum degree \(\delta\) , and an upper bound for the third largest eigenvalue in a connected r-regular graph to have a strong parity factor.