<p>Propositions that relate a graph’s minors to its colorings are of great interest in graph theory, with famous examples including the Four Color Theorem and the Hadwiger Conjecture. In 2001, Woodall conjectured that for all <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="373_2025_2957_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="60" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(x,y\in \mathbb {N}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> with <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="373_2025_2957_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="44" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(x\le y\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, every graph that does not contain <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="373_2025_2957_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="33" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(K_{x,y}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> as a minor is <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="373_2025_2957_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="81" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\((x+y-1)\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>-choosable. In a remarkable result, Steiner disproved this conjecture in 2022. Steiner estimates that using his own approach, one can demonstrate counterexamples to Woodall’s conjecture only for <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="373_2025_2957_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="12" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="29" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(x,y\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> values no smaller than approximately <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="373_2025_2957_Article_IEq6.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="29" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(10^{29}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. By adapting Steiner’s approach, we find that counterexamples exist whenever <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="373_2025_2957_Article_IEq7.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="94" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\((x,y)=(t,t)\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> for any <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="373_2025_2957_Article_IEq8.gif" Format="GIF" Height="15" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="47" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(t\ge 48\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> with <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="373_2025_2957_Article_IEq9.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="46" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(t\ne 49\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> or <InlineEquation ID="IEq10"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="373_2025_2957_Article_IEq10.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="122" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\((x,y)=(t,t+1)\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> for any <InlineEquation ID="IEq11"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="373_2025_2957_Article_IEq11.gif" Format="GIF" Height="15" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="47" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(t\ge 54\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> with <InlineEquation ID="IEq12"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="373_2025_2957_Article_IEq12.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="46" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(t\ne 55\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. Our most important modification is that when defining a random event in a probabilistic method argument, we only require a certain property to hold for subsets of a graph’s vertex set with size 1, rather than a larger size, which allows us to bound the probability of the event for much smaller graphs.</p>

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New Counterexamples to a Conjecture by Woodall on Graph Minors and List Coloring

  • Knut Vanderbush

摘要

Propositions that relate a graph’s minors to its colorings are of great interest in graph theory, with famous examples including the Four Color Theorem and the Hadwiger Conjecture. In 2001, Woodall conjectured that for all \(x,y\in \mathbb {N}\) with \(x\le y\) , every graph that does not contain \(K_{x,y}\) as a minor is \((x+y-1)\) -choosable. In a remarkable result, Steiner disproved this conjecture in 2022. Steiner estimates that using his own approach, one can demonstrate counterexamples to Woodall’s conjecture only for \(x,y\) values no smaller than approximately \(10^{29}\) . By adapting Steiner’s approach, we find that counterexamples exist whenever \((x,y)=(t,t)\) for any \(t\ge 48\) with \(t\ne 49\) or \((x,y)=(t,t+1)\) for any \(t\ge 54\) with \(t\ne 55\) . Our most important modification is that when defining a random event in a probabilistic method argument, we only require a certain property to hold for subsets of a graph’s vertex set with size 1, rather than a larger size, which allows us to bound the probability of the event for much smaller graphs.