<p>A <i>unique sink orientation</i> (USO) is an orientation of the <i>n</i>-dimensional hypercube graph such that every non-empty face contains a unique sink. We consider the only known connected <i>flip graph</i> on USOs. This flip graph is based on the following theorem due to Schurr: given any <i>n</i>-dimensional USO and any one dimension&#xa0;<InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="373_2025_2929_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="47" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(i\in [n]\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mo stretchy="false">[</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo stretchy="false">]</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, the set <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="373_2025_2929_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="20" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(E_i\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>E</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> of edges connecting vertices along dimension <i>i</i> can be decomposed into equivalence classes (so-called <i>phases</i>), such that flipping the direction of any <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="373_2025_2929_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="54" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(S\subseteq E_i\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>S</mi> <mo>⊆</mo> <msub> <mi>E</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> yields another USO if and only if <i>S</i> is the union of some of these phases. In this paper we provide an algorithm to compute the phases of a given USO in <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="373_2025_2929_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="65" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(O(n\cdot 3^n)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>O</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo>·</mo> <msup> <mn>3</mn> <mi>n</mi> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> time, significantly improving upon the previously known <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="373_2025_2929_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="65" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(O(n\cdot 4^n)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>O</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo>·</mo> <msup> <mn>4</mn> <mi>n</mi> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> trivial algorithm. We also show that the phase containing a given edge can be flipped using only <i>poly</i>(<i>n</i>) space additional to the space required to store the USO. We contrast this by showing that given a boolean circuit of size <i>poly</i>(<i>n</i>) succinctly encoding an <i>n</i>-dimensional USO, it is <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="373_2025_2929_Article_IEq6.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="60" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\textsf{PSPACE}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="sans-serif">PSPACE</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>-complete to determine whether two given edges are in the same phase. Finally, we also prove some new results on the structure of phases.</p>

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On Flipping Edge Sets in Unique Sink Orientations

  • Michaela Borzechowski,
  • Simon Weber

摘要

A unique sink orientation (USO) is an orientation of the n-dimensional hypercube graph such that every non-empty face contains a unique sink. We consider the only known connected flip graph on USOs. This flip graph is based on the following theorem due to Schurr: given any n-dimensional USO and any one dimension  \(i\in [n]\) i [ n ] , the set \(E_i\) E i of edges connecting vertices along dimension i can be decomposed into equivalence classes (so-called phases), such that flipping the direction of any \(S\subseteq E_i\) S E i yields another USO if and only if S is the union of some of these phases. In this paper we provide an algorithm to compute the phases of a given USO in \(O(n\cdot 3^n)\) O ( n · 3 n ) time, significantly improving upon the previously known \(O(n\cdot 4^n)\) O ( n · 4 n ) trivial algorithm. We also show that the phase containing a given edge can be flipped using only poly(n) space additional to the space required to store the USO. We contrast this by showing that given a boolean circuit of size poly(n) succinctly encoding an n-dimensional USO, it is \(\textsf{PSPACE}\) PSPACE -complete to determine whether two given edges are in the same phase. Finally, we also prove some new results on the structure of phases.