<p>In this paper, we propose ASTCAN, an adaptive sparse triple convolutional attention network, designed to enhance visual question answering (VQA) by introducing innovative modifications to the standard Transformer architecture. Traditional VQA models often struggle with noise interference from irrelevant regions due to their inability to dynamically filter out extraneous features. ASTCAN addresses this limitation through an adaptive threshold sparse attention mechanism, which dynamically filters irrelevant features during training, significantly improving focus and efficiency. Additionally, we introduce a triple convolutional attention module, which extends the Transformer by capturing cross-dimensional interactions between spatial and channel features, further enhancing the model’s reasoning ability. Extensive experiments on benchmark datasets demonstrate that ASTCAN outperforms most existing end-to-end methods, particularly in scenarios without pre-training, highlighting its effectiveness and potential for real-world applications. The code and datasets are publicly available to facilitate reproducibility and further research.</p>