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<p>Global ecosystems are under constant threat from nonindigenous species, with the potential to cause both economic and ecological harm on a global scale. The green crab (<i>C. maenas</i>) has invaded global coastlines, increasing resource competition and predating upon native organisms. Recent evidence also suggests the green crabs within the Canadian Pacific estuaries possess an acute tolerance to extremely dilute and freshwater (FW) environments compared to historical literature. If Pacific green crabs are indeed tolerant to limited FW exposure, this could increase their ecological range to forage or avoid competitive interactions and predation. Here we evaluate the response of Pacific <i>C. maenas</i> to acute FW exposure, and the implications of increasing temperatures on haemolymph composition in a dilute environment. With an average survival time of 25.4 ± 1.22&#xa0;h in FW following acclimation to 6.6 ppt seawater (SW), Pacific green crabs exhibited an acute tolerance to exposure in extremely dilute environments. Pacific green crab’s haemolymph osmolality, branchial cyclic AMP (cAMP), oxygen consumption, haemolymph protein, and hemocyanin are largely unaffected within at least the first 6&#xa0;h of FW exposure. Branchial cAMP in particular was shown to be over 2-fold higher in green crabs acclimated to 18&#xa0;°C when compared to those acclimated at 12&#xa0;°C, suggesting that endocrine differences might be correlated to temperature rather than salinity. We propose that the invasive green crabs residing within the Canadian Pacific estuaries of Vancouver Island exhibit a limited but increased tolerance to extremely dilute environments compared to those historically measured in Atlantic populations.</p>

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Survival and osmoregulatory capacity of green crabs (Carcinus maenas) invasive to Canadian Pacific estuaries throughout acute freshwater exposure

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月22日

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  • Robert A. Griffin,
  • Sandra Fehsenfeld,
  • Jenna Maccagno,
  • Daniel S. Alessi,
  • Tamzin A. Blewett

摘要

Global ecosystems are under constant threat from nonindigenous species, with the potential to cause both economic and ecological harm on a global scale. The green crab (C. maenas) has invaded global coastlines, increasing resource competition and predating upon native organisms. Recent evidence also suggests the green crabs within the Canadian Pacific estuaries possess an acute tolerance to extremely dilute and freshwater (FW) environments compared to historical literature. If Pacific green crabs are indeed tolerant to limited FW exposure, this could increase their ecological range to forage or avoid competitive interactions and predation. Here we evaluate the response of Pacific C. maenas to acute FW exposure, and the implications of increasing temperatures on haemolymph composition in a dilute environment. With an average survival time of 25.4 ± 1.22 h in FW following acclimation to 6.6 ppt seawater (SW), Pacific green crabs exhibited an acute tolerance to exposure in extremely dilute environments. Pacific green crab’s haemolymph osmolality, branchial cyclic AMP (cAMP), oxygen consumption, haemolymph protein, and hemocyanin are largely unaffected within at least the first 6 h of FW exposure. Branchial cAMP in particular was shown to be over 2-fold higher in green crabs acclimated to 18 °C when compared to those acclimated at 12 °C, suggesting that endocrine differences might be correlated to temperature rather than salinity. We propose that the invasive green crabs residing within the Canadian Pacific estuaries of Vancouver Island exhibit a limited but increased tolerance to extremely dilute environments compared to those historically measured in Atlantic populations.