<p>In this paper, we report on the dynamics of micro-jet impact and spreading on a solid substrate. The jets are the product of electrical discharge in a liquid confined to a capillary tube; the resulting spark creates a pressure impulse which rapidly deforms the concave meniscus into a fine jet (<InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(d_{jet} \sim O(100)\,\upmu\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>d</mi> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="italic">jet</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>∼</mo> <mi>O</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>100</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mspace width="0.166667em" /> <mi mathvariant="normal">μ</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>m) and then a heat-induced vapor bubble which expands and ejects more liquid from the end of capillary tube, as previously described in Rohilla and Marston (Exp Fluids 64:90, 2023) and Lawal et al. (Int J Pharm 674:125400, 2025). Here, we provide insight into the impact and spreading of these micro-jets across a range of fluid properties. We found jet speeds up to 81&#xa0;m/s encompassing a wide range of Weber and Reynolds numbers (We <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\sim O(10^{1} {-} 10^{4})\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo>∼</mo> <mi>O</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mn>1</mn> </msup> <mo>-</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mn>4</mn> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and Re <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\sim O(10^{1} {-} 10^{4})\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo>∼</mo> <mi>O</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mn>1</mn> </msup> <mo>-</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mn>4</mn> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>), with different modes such as simple deposition, fine/early splash, and violent splashing. In accordance with previous reports on splashing in drop impact, we found that a modified Weber number based on the ejecta sheet, We <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(= \rho \delta u_{ej}^{2}/\sigma\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mi>ρ</mi> <mi>δ</mi> <msubsup> <mi>u</mi> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="italic">ej</mi> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msubsup> <mo stretchy="false">/</mo> <mi>σ</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, provides a concise way to delineate phenomena such as deposition vs. splashing, while maximum spreading is best described using, <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\beta _{\max } \sim \sqrt{\text{We}}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>β</mi> <mo movablelimits="true">max</mo> </msub> <mo>∼</mo> <msqrt> <mtext>We</mtext> </msqrt> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>.</p>

错误:搜索内容不能为空,请输入英文关键词
错误:关键词超出字数限制,请精简
高级检索

Impact and spreading of spark-induced micro-jets

  • Eliana Rodriguez,
  • Kathlyn Tankersley,
  • Idera Lawal,
  • Jeremy Marston

摘要

In this paper, we report on the dynamics of micro-jet impact and spreading on a solid substrate. The jets are the product of electrical discharge in a liquid confined to a capillary tube; the resulting spark creates a pressure impulse which rapidly deforms the concave meniscus into a fine jet ( \(d_{jet} \sim O(100)\,\upmu\) d jet O ( 100 ) μ m) and then a heat-induced vapor bubble which expands and ejects more liquid from the end of capillary tube, as previously described in Rohilla and Marston (Exp Fluids 64:90, 2023) and Lawal et al. (Int J Pharm 674:125400, 2025). Here, we provide insight into the impact and spreading of these micro-jets across a range of fluid properties. We found jet speeds up to 81 m/s encompassing a wide range of Weber and Reynolds numbers (We \(\sim O(10^{1} {-} 10^{4})\) O ( 10 1 - 10 4 ) and Re \(\sim O(10^{1} {-} 10^{4})\) O ( 10 1 - 10 4 ) ), with different modes such as simple deposition, fine/early splash, and violent splashing. In accordance with previous reports on splashing in drop impact, we found that a modified Weber number based on the ejecta sheet, We \(= \rho \delta u_{ej}^{2}/\sigma\) = ρ δ u ej 2 / σ , provides a concise way to delineate phenomena such as deposition vs. splashing, while maximum spreading is best described using, \(\beta _{\max } \sim \sqrt{\text{We}}\) β max We .