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Purpose <p>To evaluate whether urine culture–guided prophylactic antibiotic selection reduces infectious complications after ureteral stent removal following radical cystectomy with intestinal urinary diversion.</p> Methods <p>We retrospectively analyzed 128 patients who underwent radical cystectomy with intestinal urinary diversion between February 2009 and July 2025. Patients were divided into a culture-guided prophylaxis group and an empirical prophylaxis group. The primary endpoint was febrile pyelonephritis after ureteral stent removal. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent risk factors for post–stent removal infection.</p> Results <p>Patients in the culture-guided group more frequently received antithrombotic therapy, neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and robot-assisted surgery, and had shorter operative times and less blood loss. Febrile pyelonephritis occurred in 2 patients (3%) in the culture-guided group and 10 patients (16%) in the empirical group (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> was the most commonly isolated pathogen. Multivariable analysis identified urine culture–guided prophylactic antibiotic selection as an independent protective factor against febrile pyelonephritis (odds ratio 0.139, <i>P</i> = 0.04), while antithrombotic therapy was an independent risk factor.</p> Conclusions <p>Urine culture–guided prophylactic antibiotic selection before ureteral stent removal significantly reduced febrile pyelonephritis after radical cystectomy with intestinal urinary diversion, supporting its use as an effective infection prevention strategy in this high-risk population.</p>

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Urine culture–guided antibiotic prophylaxis reduces febrile pyelonephritis after ureteral stent removal following radical cystectomy

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月18日

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  • Hiroyuki Kitano,
  • Eisuke Watanabe,
  • Kayoko Tadera,
  • Yoshinori Nakano,
  • Shinsaku Tasaka,
  • Kazuma Yukihiro,
  • Mai Okazaki,
  • Naofumi Nomura,
  • Tomoya Hatayama,
  • Hiroyuki Shikuma,
  • Kyosuke Iwane,
  • Ryo Tasaka,
  • Yuki Kohada,
  • Kenshiro Takemoto,
  • Shunsuke Miyamoto,
  • Miki Naito,
  • Kohei Kobatake,
  • Yohei Sekino,
  • Keisuke Goto,
  • Akihiro Goriki,
  • Keisuke Hieda,
  • Tetsutaro Hayashi,
  • Seiya Kashiyama,
  • Hiroki Ohge,
  • Nobuyuki Hinata

摘要

Purpose

To evaluate whether urine culture–guided prophylactic antibiotic selection reduces infectious complications after ureteral stent removal following radical cystectomy with intestinal urinary diversion.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed 128 patients who underwent radical cystectomy with intestinal urinary diversion between February 2009 and July 2025. Patients were divided into a culture-guided prophylaxis group and an empirical prophylaxis group. The primary endpoint was febrile pyelonephritis after ureteral stent removal. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent risk factors for post–stent removal infection.

Results

Patients in the culture-guided group more frequently received antithrombotic therapy, neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and robot-assisted surgery, and had shorter operative times and less blood loss. Febrile pyelonephritis occurred in 2 patients (3%) in the culture-guided group and 10 patients (16%) in the empirical group (P < 0.05). Enterococcus faecalis was the most commonly isolated pathogen. Multivariable analysis identified urine culture–guided prophylactic antibiotic selection as an independent protective factor against febrile pyelonephritis (odds ratio 0.139, P = 0.04), while antithrombotic therapy was an independent risk factor.

Conclusions

Urine culture–guided prophylactic antibiotic selection before ureteral stent removal significantly reduced febrile pyelonephritis after radical cystectomy with intestinal urinary diversion, supporting its use as an effective infection prevention strategy in this high-risk population.