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<p>Salinity is important abiotic stress that limits plant growth and agricultural production. Different approaches can be used to enhance plant growth and alleviate environmental stress. Exogenous application of amino acids could enhance physiological responses to salt stress. We investigated the effects of methionine application on tomato seedling leaves under salt stress at the morphological, physiological, biochemical, and molecular levels. The experiment was conducted in a factorial design with three methionine doses and two salinity levels. Methionine was applied by foliar spraying at three concentrations (0, 10, and 20&#xa0;mg L⁻¹), with applications performed three times at one-week intervals. To induce stress, plants were irrigated with 0 mM and 100 mM sodium chloride (NaCl) solutions. Growth, physiological, biochemical, and molecular parameters were evaluated to assess the effects of methionine under salinity stress. Salinity stress significantly reduced plant growth (by ~ 34–57%) and increased oxidative damage, with hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels rising by approximately 2–3 fold. Methionine application markedly alleviated these effects, improving biomass by up to 30% and reducing H₂O₂ and MDA levels by 50–70% compared to salt-stressed plants. Additionally, methionine enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities and improved nutrient balance by significantly reducing Na accumulation and restoring K and Ca levels. While both methionine doses used were effective, we observed the highest effects on the 20 mg L<sup>− 1</sup> dose. At the molecular level, exogenous methionine application significantly enhanced the expression of stress-related genes (<i>SlSOD</i>,<i> SlCAT</i>,<i> SlP5CS</i>,<i> SlPR1</i>,<i> SlWRKY8</i>,<i> SlWRKY31</i>,<i> SlHKT1;1</i>, and <i>SlLCT1</i>). The most prominent transcriptional induction was observed in <i>SlWRKY8</i> and <i>SlWRKY31</i>, suggesting their potential roles as key regulators in methionine-mediated salt stress tolerance in tomato.</p>

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Methionine Enhances Growth and Stress Tolerance in Tomato Seedlings under Salinity Stress

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月29日

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  • Murat Aydin,
  • Selda Ors Cirik,
  • Melek Ekinci,
  • Sümeyra Ucar,
  • Esra Yaprak,
  • Esma Yigider,
  • Ertan Yildirim,
  • Metin Turan,
  • Aysegul Kasapoglu,
  • Daniel Rodriguez-Leal

摘要

Salinity is important abiotic stress that limits plant growth and agricultural production. Different approaches can be used to enhance plant growth and alleviate environmental stress. Exogenous application of amino acids could enhance physiological responses to salt stress. We investigated the effects of methionine application on tomato seedling leaves under salt stress at the morphological, physiological, biochemical, and molecular levels. The experiment was conducted in a factorial design with three methionine doses and two salinity levels. Methionine was applied by foliar spraying at three concentrations (0, 10, and 20 mg L⁻¹), with applications performed three times at one-week intervals. To induce stress, plants were irrigated with 0 mM and 100 mM sodium chloride (NaCl) solutions. Growth, physiological, biochemical, and molecular parameters were evaluated to assess the effects of methionine under salinity stress. Salinity stress significantly reduced plant growth (by ~ 34–57%) and increased oxidative damage, with hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels rising by approximately 2–3 fold. Methionine application markedly alleviated these effects, improving biomass by up to 30% and reducing H₂O₂ and MDA levels by 50–70% compared to salt-stressed plants. Additionally, methionine enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities and improved nutrient balance by significantly reducing Na accumulation and restoring K and Ca levels. While both methionine doses used were effective, we observed the highest effects on the 20 mg L− 1 dose. At the molecular level, exogenous methionine application significantly enhanced the expression of stress-related genes (SlSOD, SlCAT, SlP5CS, SlPR1, SlWRKY8, SlWRKY31, SlHKT1;1, and SlLCT1). The most prominent transcriptional induction was observed in SlWRKY8 and SlWRKY31, suggesting their potential roles as key regulators in methionine-mediated salt stress tolerance in tomato.