Scholarlink

<p><i>Trichoderma</i> is a widely studied fungal genus recognized for its ability to promote plant growth, enhance stress tolerance, and provide biological control. Biocontrol by <i>Trichoderma</i> involves multiple mechanisms, including resource competition, mycoparasitism, secretion of cell wall‑degrading enzymes, production of volatile organic compounds, and the release of antimicrobial metabolites. During root colonization, fungal elicitors, effector‑like proteins, and metabolite‑derived signals are perceived by plant cells and activate host immune responses. Molecules such as Sm1/Epl1, LysM effectors, gliotoxin, and VOC/Nox-associated signals examplify how root-associated <i>Trichoderma</i> strains modulate local and systemic defense responses. However, <i>Trichoderma</i>-induced immunity does not conform neatly to classical systemic acquired resistance or induced systemic resistance frameworks, owing to its non‑canonical and context‑dependent signaling features. Although salicylic acid-, jasmonic acid-, and ethylene-related pathways are central, they interact extensively with reactive oxygen species signaling, MAPK cascades, phenylpropanoid metabolism, oxylipin pathways, and RNA-mediated and epigenetic regulation. Consequently, defense outcomes vary widely depending on fungal strain, host genotype, pathogen lifestyle, and environmental conditions. This review synthesizes recent mechanistic and translational advances in <i>Trichoderma</i>-plant interactions and evaluates formulation strategies, delivery methods, field performance, biosafety considerations, and commercialization challenges. Strengthening the links between molecular understanding, strain screening, product development, and field validation will be essential for improving the reliability of <i>Trichoderma</i>-based biocontrol in sustainable agriculture.</p>

错误：搜索内容不能为空，请输入英文关键词
错误：关键词超出字数限制，请精简
高级检索

Trichoderma-Plant Interactions: Molecular Mechanisms and Prospects for Sustainable Biocontrol

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月23日

查看全文
  • Yifan Dong,
  • Golam Jalal Ahammed

摘要

Trichoderma is a widely studied fungal genus recognized for its ability to promote plant growth, enhance stress tolerance, and provide biological control. Biocontrol by Trichoderma involves multiple mechanisms, including resource competition, mycoparasitism, secretion of cell wall‑degrading enzymes, production of volatile organic compounds, and the release of antimicrobial metabolites. During root colonization, fungal elicitors, effector‑like proteins, and metabolite‑derived signals are perceived by plant cells and activate host immune responses. Molecules such as Sm1/Epl1, LysM effectors, gliotoxin, and VOC/Nox-associated signals examplify how root-associated Trichoderma strains modulate local and systemic defense responses. However, Trichoderma-induced immunity does not conform neatly to classical systemic acquired resistance or induced systemic resistance frameworks, owing to its non‑canonical and context‑dependent signaling features. Although salicylic acid-, jasmonic acid-, and ethylene-related pathways are central, they interact extensively with reactive oxygen species signaling, MAPK cascades, phenylpropanoid metabolism, oxylipin pathways, and RNA-mediated and epigenetic regulation. Consequently, defense outcomes vary widely depending on fungal strain, host genotype, pathogen lifestyle, and environmental conditions. This review synthesizes recent mechanistic and translational advances in Trichoderma-plant interactions and evaluates formulation strategies, delivery methods, field performance, biosafety considerations, and commercialization challenges. Strengthening the links between molecular understanding, strain screening, product development, and field validation will be essential for improving the reliability of Trichoderma-based biocontrol in sustainable agriculture.