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<p>Oligogalacturonides (OGs), recognized as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), play critical roles in plant disease resistance and growth regulation. This study aimed to elucidate the regulatory mechanism by which short OGs induce resistance against <i>Pseudomonas syringae</i> pv. <i>tomato</i> DC3000 (<i>Pst</i> DC3000) in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>. <i>Arabidopsis</i> plants were pretreated with either individual OGs with degrees of polymerization 2 (DP2) and 7 (DP7), or a mixture of OGs (DP2-7) at 25&#xa0;mg/L, prior to infection with <i>Pst</i> DC3000. Water-pretreated plants served as controls. All tested oligosaccharides and mixture enhanced resistance against <i>Pst</i> DC3000 infection, as evidenced by reduced phenotypic symptoms, suppressed bacterial growth, and decreased disease indices. Analysis of salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) levels, along with expression of associated genes, revealed that DP2 and DP7 conferred resistance by elevating hormone levels and upregulating defense-related genes in the <i>Pst</i> DC3000-<i>Arabidopsis</i> system. Notably, DP7 and OGs (DP2-7) mixture triggered a reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst, while DP2 did not. Transcriptomic profiling demonstrated that DP2, DP7, and OGs (DP2-7) activated defense pathways, including JA, SA, and H₂O₂ signaling, while modulating different key genes to bolster resistance. Gene Ontology analysis revealed that DP2 upregulated more genes in nucleus, while DP7 upregulated more genes in space outside the nucleus. Furthermore, these short-chain OGs (DP2-7) regulated growth-related genes, suggesting a dual role in stress adaptation and developmental balance in <i>Arabidopsis</i>-<i>Pst</i> DC3000. Our findings highlight that both DP2 and DP7 effectively prime early defense responses against pathogens in <i>Arabidopsis</i>.</p>

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Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals the Regulatory Mechanism of Short Oligogalacturonides Induce Resistance against Pst DC3000 in Arabidopsis thaliana

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月16日

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  • Min Li,
  • Xinyue Zhang,
  • Prianka Howlader,
  • Wenxia Wang,
  • Jin Gao,
  • Heng Yin

摘要

Oligogalacturonides (OGs), recognized as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), play critical roles in plant disease resistance and growth regulation. This study aimed to elucidate the regulatory mechanism by which short OGs induce resistance against Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Pst DC3000) in Arabidopsis thaliana. Arabidopsis plants were pretreated with either individual OGs with degrees of polymerization 2 (DP2) and 7 (DP7), or a mixture of OGs (DP2-7) at 25 mg/L, prior to infection with Pst DC3000. Water-pretreated plants served as controls. All tested oligosaccharides and mixture enhanced resistance against Pst DC3000 infection, as evidenced by reduced phenotypic symptoms, suppressed bacterial growth, and decreased disease indices. Analysis of salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) levels, along with expression of associated genes, revealed that DP2 and DP7 conferred resistance by elevating hormone levels and upregulating defense-related genes in the Pst DC3000-Arabidopsis system. Notably, DP7 and OGs (DP2-7) mixture triggered a reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst, while DP2 did not. Transcriptomic profiling demonstrated that DP2, DP7, and OGs (DP2-7) activated defense pathways, including JA, SA, and H₂O₂ signaling, while modulating different key genes to bolster resistance. Gene Ontology analysis revealed that DP2 upregulated more genes in nucleus, while DP7 upregulated more genes in space outside the nucleus. Furthermore, these short-chain OGs (DP2-7) regulated growth-related genes, suggesting a dual role in stress adaptation and developmental balance in Arabidopsis-Pst DC3000. Our findings highlight that both DP2 and DP7 effectively prime early defense responses against pathogens in Arabidopsis.