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<p>Microbe-mediated bioremediation is a promising approach to mitigating cadmium (Cd) stress in plants. The present research aimed to isolate Cd-tolerant plant-beneficial bacteria from mining site soil and to assess the potential for plant-microbe synergy in Cd remediation. The identified bacteria (<i>Providencia vermicola</i>) tolerated Cd stress (160 ppm) and have the capability of in vitro phosphate solubilization and indole acetic acid production. <i>Zea mays</i> L. was employed to study the effects of Cd stress (120 ppm) after biopriming with <i>P. vermicola</i> on growth, osmolyte production, glutathione (GSH) level, ascorbate (ASA) production, and methylglyoxal (MG) detoxification system. A completely randomized pot experiment was performed, and Cd stress (120 ppm) was applied after germination. Seedlings were harvested 15 days after Cd exposure for measurement of morphological and biochemical characteristics. The results showed that <i>P. vermicola</i> biopriming protected the plants from Cd-induced stress, primarily by improving the glyoxalase and antioxidant systems, which helped to alleviate ROS production. Furthermore, <i>P. vermicola</i> treated plants’ resilience to Cd stress by enhancing the secondary metabolism and ASA-GSH production. GC-MS analysis exhibited various growth-promoting metabolites in <i>P. vermicola</i>, including cyclohexanone, oxime-, methoxy-phenyl-, and phenylethyl alcohol. <i>P. vermicola</i> decreased the Cd effects by boosting ASA-GSH pools, osmolyte production, glyoxalase, and antioxidative systems. These coordinated responses resulted in a marked reduction in oxidative damage and Cd accretion in maize plants due to the production of such plant growth-promoting metabolites. Overall, this study presented that <i>P. vermicola</i> biopriming efficiently improves maize resilience to Cd toxicity by modulating antioxidative and metabolic pathways.</p>

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Providencia vermicola Alleviates Cadmium Phytotoxic Effects in Maize by Regulating Redox Balance and Antioxidant System

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月27日

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  • Mubashra Sharif,
  • Shazia Anwer Bukhari,
  • Mehmood ur Rehman Ansari,
  • Mahwish Salman,
  • Anam Tariq,
  • Rameen Fatima,
  • Aiman Mehmood

摘要

Microbe-mediated bioremediation is a promising approach to mitigating cadmium (Cd) stress in plants. The present research aimed to isolate Cd-tolerant plant-beneficial bacteria from mining site soil and to assess the potential for plant-microbe synergy in Cd remediation. The identified bacteria (Providencia vermicola) tolerated Cd stress (160 ppm) and have the capability of in vitro phosphate solubilization and indole acetic acid production. Zea mays L. was employed to study the effects of Cd stress (120 ppm) after biopriming with P. vermicola on growth, osmolyte production, glutathione (GSH) level, ascorbate (ASA) production, and methylglyoxal (MG) detoxification system. A completely randomized pot experiment was performed, and Cd stress (120 ppm) was applied after germination. Seedlings were harvested 15 days after Cd exposure for measurement of morphological and biochemical characteristics. The results showed that P. vermicola biopriming protected the plants from Cd-induced stress, primarily by improving the glyoxalase and antioxidant systems, which helped to alleviate ROS production. Furthermore, P. vermicola treated plants’ resilience to Cd stress by enhancing the secondary metabolism and ASA-GSH production. GC-MS analysis exhibited various growth-promoting metabolites in P. vermicola, including cyclohexanone, oxime-, methoxy-phenyl-, and phenylethyl alcohol. P. vermicola decreased the Cd effects by boosting ASA-GSH pools, osmolyte production, glyoxalase, and antioxidative systems. These coordinated responses resulted in a marked reduction in oxidative damage and Cd accretion in maize plants due to the production of such plant growth-promoting metabolites. Overall, this study presented that P. vermicola biopriming efficiently improves maize resilience to Cd toxicity by modulating antioxidative and metabolic pathways.