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Main conclusion <p>Nitrogen forms affect strawberry leaf ionome and physiology, suggesting potential trade-offs among strawberry fruit number, size, firmness, and sweetness in hydroponic systems.</p> Abstract <p>Strawberry cultivation requires effective nitrogen (N) management to maintain high productivity and fruit quality while reducing potential environmental impacts. Improving nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in hydroponic systems is therefore an important strategy for supporting sustainable horticultural production and responsible nutrient management, contributing to global food security and sustainable agriculture goals. This study investigated the effects of different N forms on leaf nutrient composition, physiological performance, and early fruit characteristics of ‘Praratchatan 80’ grown under hydroponic conditions. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with four N treatments: T1 (sole nitrate, NO₃⁻), T2 (combined NO₃⁻/NH₄⁺), T3 (sole ammonium, NH₄⁺), and T4 (control). N form significantly influenced leaf macro- and micronutrient composition, photosynthetic activity, and fruit development. Plants supplied with the combined NO₃⁻/NH₄⁺ treatment showed enhanced leaf phosphorus accumulation (6.06%) and produced the largest and firmest fruits, suggesting improved nutrient balance and potentially enhanced assimilate partitioning. In contrast, sole NH₄<sup>+</sup> increased leaf potassium (1.93%) and manganese (271&#xa0;mg&#xa0;kg⁻<sup>1</sup>) concentrations and resulted in the highest fruit number (16.13 fruits per plant), although it reduced magnesium and iron levels. N deficiency increased the leaf C/N ratio and was associated with reduced photosynthetic performance. Thus, the results indicate that nitrogen form plays a key role in regulating leaf ionome composition and plant physiological responses, which may be associated with changes in source–sink relationships and trade-offs among fruit number, fruit size, firmness, and sweetness. These findings provide guidance for optimizing fertigation in hydroponic systems, improving nutrient-use efficiency, and supporting environmentally sustainable strawberry production.</p>

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Optimizing Nitrogen Forms to Improve Nutrient-Use Efficiency, Leaf Ionome, and Early Fruit Development in Hydroponic Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Dutch var. ‘Praratchatan 80’)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月15日

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  • Sirajo Salisu Jibia,
  • Kanokwan Panjama,
  • Chaiartid Inkham,
  • Norikuni Ohtake,
  • Soraya Ruamrungsri

摘要

Main conclusion

Nitrogen forms affect strawberry leaf ionome and physiology, suggesting potential trade-offs among strawberry fruit number, size, firmness, and sweetness in hydroponic systems.

Abstract

Strawberry cultivation requires effective nitrogen (N) management to maintain high productivity and fruit quality while reducing potential environmental impacts. Improving nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in hydroponic systems is therefore an important strategy for supporting sustainable horticultural production and responsible nutrient management, contributing to global food security and sustainable agriculture goals. This study investigated the effects of different N forms on leaf nutrient composition, physiological performance, and early fruit characteristics of ‘Praratchatan 80’ grown under hydroponic conditions. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with four N treatments: T1 (sole nitrate, NO₃⁻), T2 (combined NO₃⁻/NH₄⁺), T3 (sole ammonium, NH₄⁺), and T4 (control). N form significantly influenced leaf macro- and micronutrient composition, photosynthetic activity, and fruit development. Plants supplied with the combined NO₃⁻/NH₄⁺ treatment showed enhanced leaf phosphorus accumulation (6.06%) and produced the largest and firmest fruits, suggesting improved nutrient balance and potentially enhanced assimilate partitioning. In contrast, sole NH₄+ increased leaf potassium (1.93%) and manganese (271 mg kg⁻1) concentrations and resulted in the highest fruit number (16.13 fruits per plant), although it reduced magnesium and iron levels. N deficiency increased the leaf C/N ratio and was associated with reduced photosynthetic performance. Thus, the results indicate that nitrogen form plays a key role in regulating leaf ionome composition and plant physiological responses, which may be associated with changes in source–sink relationships and trade-offs among fruit number, fruit size, firmness, and sweetness. These findings provide guidance for optimizing fertigation in hydroponic systems, improving nutrient-use efficiency, and supporting environmentally sustainable strawberry production.