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<p>Heat stress is a major limiting factor for the growth and yield of parthenocarpic tomatoes. Melatonin is known to act as a plant hormone and antioxidant, but its effects on parthenocarpic tomato mutants, <i>iaa9-3</i> and <i>iaa9-5</i> are poorly understood. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of exogenous melatonin application on vegetative growth, leaf physiology, and fruit yield in parthenocarpic tomatoes under two environmental conditions: normal and heat stress. Experiments were conducted with melatonin at concentrations of 0, 50, 100, and 150 µM, and measurements were taken of vegetative growth, leaf chlorophyll and nitrogen content, flower and fruit number, size, weight, and total soluble solids (TSS). The results showed that a concentration of 100 µM provided optimal responses in growth, physiology, and fruit quality, whereas 150 µM decreased effectiveness, indicating a hormetic effect. The <i>iaa9-3</i> and <i>iaa9-5</i> mutants were more sensitive to melatonin than WT-MT, particularly in lateral shoot formation and fruit set under heat stress. Melatonin maintained chlorophyll and nitrogen content, improved leaf water status, and reduced oxidative damage, supporting photosynthetic efficiency and source-sink balance. These findings suggest that appropriate melatonin application can improve heat tolerance and productivity in tomatoes, with optimal genotype and concentration selection as a practical agronomic strategy.</p>

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Melatonin Enhances Heat Tolerance in Parthenocarpic Tomato Mutants by Improving Plant Growth, Leaf Physiological Traits, and Fruit Development

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月12日

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  • Ika Cartika,
  • Dita Arifah Sukmalatri,
  • Anne Nuraini,
  • Rinda Kirana,
  • Rahmat Budiarto,
  • Erni Suminar,
  • Jajang Sauman Hamdani,
  • Rangga Jiwa Wibawa,
  • Hiroshi Ezura,
  • Syariful Mubarok

摘要

Heat stress is a major limiting factor for the growth and yield of parthenocarpic tomatoes. Melatonin is known to act as a plant hormone and antioxidant, but its effects on parthenocarpic tomato mutants, iaa9-3 and iaa9-5 are poorly understood. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of exogenous melatonin application on vegetative growth, leaf physiology, and fruit yield in parthenocarpic tomatoes under two environmental conditions: normal and heat stress. Experiments were conducted with melatonin at concentrations of 0, 50, 100, and 150 µM, and measurements were taken of vegetative growth, leaf chlorophyll and nitrogen content, flower and fruit number, size, weight, and total soluble solids (TSS). The results showed that a concentration of 100 µM provided optimal responses in growth, physiology, and fruit quality, whereas 150 µM decreased effectiveness, indicating a hormetic effect. The iaa9-3 and iaa9-5 mutants were more sensitive to melatonin than WT-MT, particularly in lateral shoot formation and fruit set under heat stress. Melatonin maintained chlorophyll and nitrogen content, improved leaf water status, and reduced oxidative damage, supporting photosynthetic efficiency and source-sink balance. These findings suggest that appropriate melatonin application can improve heat tolerance and productivity in tomatoes, with optimal genotype and concentration selection as a practical agronomic strategy.