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<p>Despite their evolutionary success across diverse habitats, orchids face significant survival threats from escalating abiotic and biotic stressors. This review provides a comprehensive synthesis of how these environmental challenges disrupt orchid physiology and the subsequent adaptive mechanisms employed for mitigation. We specifically highlight the dual role of orchid mycorrhizal fungi as both essential symbiotic partners and biological mediators that enhance systemic stress tolerance. To bridge the gap between physiological observations and molecular regulation, we integrate recent advancements in genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics. These multi-omic analyses identify key regulatory networks such as the heat shock factors and <i>MYB</i> transcription factor families that govern responses to temperature extremes, drought, and pathogen attacks. By consolidating these findings, the review establishes a structural framework for understanding orchid resilience, ultimately proposing biotechnological strategies and gene-editing applications to develop stress-tolerant varieties. This integrative perspective is vital for the conservation and sustainable cultivation of this endangered plant family in an era of global environmental change.</p>

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Aboitic and Biotic Stress Tolerance in Orchids: Insights from Genomics, Transcriptomics and Proteomics

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月12日

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  • Fahad M. Alshabrmi,
  • Nahid Akhtar

摘要

Despite their evolutionary success across diverse habitats, orchids face significant survival threats from escalating abiotic and biotic stressors. This review provides a comprehensive synthesis of how these environmental challenges disrupt orchid physiology and the subsequent adaptive mechanisms employed for mitigation. We specifically highlight the dual role of orchid mycorrhizal fungi as both essential symbiotic partners and biological mediators that enhance systemic stress tolerance. To bridge the gap between physiological observations and molecular regulation, we integrate recent advancements in genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics. These multi-omic analyses identify key regulatory networks such as the heat shock factors and MYB transcription factor families that govern responses to temperature extremes, drought, and pathogen attacks. By consolidating these findings, the review establishes a structural framework for understanding orchid resilience, ultimately proposing biotechnological strategies and gene-editing applications to develop stress-tolerant varieties. This integrative perspective is vital for the conservation and sustainable cultivation of this endangered plant family in an era of global environmental change.