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<p>Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) play pivotal roles in mediating plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) fitness and plant-microbe interactions. This study characterized VOCs produced by <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> subsp. <i>subtilis</i> NRCB002, and evaluated their effects on bacterial fitness traits (biofilm formation, motility, colonization) and tomato seedling growth. In this study, VOCs were profiled using solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry from NRCB002 cultures grown in LB, NBNS, MC broths for 72&#xa0;h. We identified 71, 69, 62 VOCs in LB, NBNS, MC cultures, respectively. Twelve functionally diverse VOCs (S-methyl thioacetate, 2,3-pentanedione, methyl 2-methylbutyrate, 2,3-heptanedione, 1-nonanol, 2-phenylethanol, acetophenone, dipropyl ketone, ethyl isobutyrate, methionol, acetoin, 2-tridecanone) were further tested. Most enhanced NRCB002 fitness, with S-methyl thioacetate, 2,3-pentanedione, 1-nonanol, 2,3-heptanedione, and acetoin showing the strongest effects: biofilm formation increased by 25.6–108.6%, swimming motility by 23.2–62.2%, and root colonization by 59.5–251.9%. These VOCs concurrently improved tomato seedling biomass by 34.2–249.6% under sterile and greenhouse conditions. The identified VOCs, particularly S-methyl thioacetate, 2,3-pentanedione, 1-nonanol, 2,3-heptanedione, and acetoin, represent promising bioactive additives for microbial fertilizers due to their dual role in enhancing PGPR fitness and plant growth. However, field validation across diverse crops and soils is needed to assess practical applicability. These findings provide a novel strategy for optimizing biofertilizers through the incorporation of PGPR-derived VOCs, tackling existing challenges related to the consistency and stability of inoculants.</p>

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Identification of Bacillus subtilis Volatile Organic Compounds that Enhance the Colonization and Promote Tomato Seedling Growth

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月17日

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  • Hui Shen,
  • Rongjun Yin,
  • Weiye Chen,
  • Xin Tao,
  • Nan Gao,
  • Tingting Li

摘要

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) play pivotal roles in mediating plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) fitness and plant-microbe interactions. This study characterized VOCs produced by Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis NRCB002, and evaluated their effects on bacterial fitness traits (biofilm formation, motility, colonization) and tomato seedling growth. In this study, VOCs were profiled using solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry from NRCB002 cultures grown in LB, NBNS, MC broths for 72 h. We identified 71, 69, 62 VOCs in LB, NBNS, MC cultures, respectively. Twelve functionally diverse VOCs (S-methyl thioacetate, 2,3-pentanedione, methyl 2-methylbutyrate, 2,3-heptanedione, 1-nonanol, 2-phenylethanol, acetophenone, dipropyl ketone, ethyl isobutyrate, methionol, acetoin, 2-tridecanone) were further tested. Most enhanced NRCB002 fitness, with S-methyl thioacetate, 2,3-pentanedione, 1-nonanol, 2,3-heptanedione, and acetoin showing the strongest effects: biofilm formation increased by 25.6–108.6%, swimming motility by 23.2–62.2%, and root colonization by 59.5–251.9%. These VOCs concurrently improved tomato seedling biomass by 34.2–249.6% under sterile and greenhouse conditions. The identified VOCs, particularly S-methyl thioacetate, 2,3-pentanedione, 1-nonanol, 2,3-heptanedione, and acetoin, represent promising bioactive additives for microbial fertilizers due to their dual role in enhancing PGPR fitness and plant growth. However, field validation across diverse crops and soils is needed to assess practical applicability. These findings provide a novel strategy for optimizing biofertilizers through the incorporation of PGPR-derived VOCs, tackling existing challenges related to the consistency and stability of inoculants.