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<p>A deficiency of microelements (zinc, copper, iron, manganese, etc.) in soil is a global problem. Crops grown in these soils have decreased yields and lower nutrient content. The latter has a negative impact on human nutrition and health. However, treatment with growth regulators can improve nutrient absorption from the soil, increase growth intensity, and boost plant yield and the nutritional value of their products. In this study, we examined the effects of seed treatment and spraying of wheat plants with a salicylic acid (SA) solution on the cell division of wheat root apical meristems when grown under zinc or copper deficiency. It was shown that under zinc deficiency, plants not treated with SA showed a decrease in the mitotic index and an increase in the percentage of cells in metaphase. The latter was also observed under copper deficiency, along with an increase in the percentage of cells in anaphase and the percentage of dividing cells with chromosomal aberrations. At zinc deficiency, both methods of SA treatment practically did not affect mitosis in the apical meristem of wheat roots. The only exception was a decrease in the proportion of cells with chromosome fragmentation in metaphase in plants with SA seed treatment, and an increase in the proportion of cells at the anaphase stage in SA-sprayed plants. Under copper deficiency, SA seed treatment decreased the proportion of cells in prophase, the percentage of dividing cells with chromosomal aberrations, and the proportion of cells with C-mitosis in metaphase, but increased the proportion of cells in ana-telophase. Whereas, spraying plants with SA under these conditions decreased only the proportion of cells in ana-telophase. However, at optimal metal levels, this treatment increased the proportion of cells in metaphase, the percentage of dividing cells with chromosomal aberrations, and the proportion of cells with fragmentation in metaphase, but decreased the proportion of cells in telophase and their proportion with <i>laggard</i> chromosomes in anaphase. The results of the present study indicate that SA seed treatment has a more pronounced protective effect on the mitotic activity of apical meristem cells in wheat roots under zinc and especially copper deficiency.</p>

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Effect of Seed Treatment or Leaf Spraying with Salicylic Acid on the Cytogenetic Parameters in the Root Meristem of Wheat under Zinc or Copper Deficiency

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月9日

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  • Anna Ignatenko,
  • Roman Ignatenko,
  • Natalia Kaznina

摘要

A deficiency of microelements (zinc, copper, iron, manganese, etc.) in soil is a global problem. Crops grown in these soils have decreased yields and lower nutrient content. The latter has a negative impact on human nutrition and health. However, treatment with growth regulators can improve nutrient absorption from the soil, increase growth intensity, and boost plant yield and the nutritional value of their products. In this study, we examined the effects of seed treatment and spraying of wheat plants with a salicylic acid (SA) solution on the cell division of wheat root apical meristems when grown under zinc or copper deficiency. It was shown that under zinc deficiency, plants not treated with SA showed a decrease in the mitotic index and an increase in the percentage of cells in metaphase. The latter was also observed under copper deficiency, along with an increase in the percentage of cells in anaphase and the percentage of dividing cells with chromosomal aberrations. At zinc deficiency, both methods of SA treatment practically did not affect mitosis in the apical meristem of wheat roots. The only exception was a decrease in the proportion of cells with chromosome fragmentation in metaphase in plants with SA seed treatment, and an increase in the proportion of cells at the anaphase stage in SA-sprayed plants. Under copper deficiency, SA seed treatment decreased the proportion of cells in prophase, the percentage of dividing cells with chromosomal aberrations, and the proportion of cells with C-mitosis in metaphase, but increased the proportion of cells in ana-telophase. Whereas, spraying plants with SA under these conditions decreased only the proportion of cells in ana-telophase. However, at optimal metal levels, this treatment increased the proportion of cells in metaphase, the percentage of dividing cells with chromosomal aberrations, and the proportion of cells with fragmentation in metaphase, but decreased the proportion of cells in telophase and their proportion with laggard chromosomes in anaphase. The results of the present study indicate that SA seed treatment has a more pronounced protective effect on the mitotic activity of apical meristem cells in wheat roots under zinc and especially copper deficiency.