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<p>Escalation in global temperature is posing a significant risk to global food security by increasing heat stress in crops. Rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.), a staple food for over 50% of the global population, is particularly sensitive to elevated temperature at anthesis. The current study aimed to evaluate the impact of high temperature stress on key biochemical (antioxidants, osmolytes, oxidative stress markers) and yield related traits of basmati rice and to determine the optimal glutathione concentration for heat stress alleviation. Using CRD with split plot arrangements, a pot experiment was conducted with Four number of replication for each treatment. Treatments were comprised of two temperature regimes: ambient (H<sub>0</sub>) and heat stress imposition at anthesis (H<sub>1</sub>), and four glutathione concentrations (0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.0 mM). Heat stress significantly reduced antioxidant activity and osmolytes accumulation by approximately (45–56%) and reduced yield related parameters by (40–55%), while indicators of oxidative stress (hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde and relative cell injury) increased by (48–53%). Foliar spray of glutathione, especially at 1.0 mM concentration, improved the SOD, POD, CAT and glutathione, osmolytes such TSP and proline and yield related parameters of rice under heat stress. The results demonstrate that foliar application of glutathione at flowering significantly mitigates heat stress induced oxidative damage, improves physiological performance and yield of fine rice under controlled environmental conditions.</p>

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Biochemical and Yield Response of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) to Exogenous Application of Glutathione Under High Temperature Stress at Flowering Stage

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月9日

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  • Rania Baloch,
  • Muhammad Farrukh Saleem,
  • Muhammad Sarwar,
  • Muhammad Awais Arshad,
  • Muhammad Aown Sammar Raza,
  • Aqsa Baloch,
  • Amina Rashid

摘要

Escalation in global temperature is posing a significant risk to global food security by increasing heat stress in crops. Rice (Oryza sativa L.), a staple food for over 50% of the global population, is particularly sensitive to elevated temperature at anthesis. The current study aimed to evaluate the impact of high temperature stress on key biochemical (antioxidants, osmolytes, oxidative stress markers) and yield related traits of basmati rice and to determine the optimal glutathione concentration for heat stress alleviation. Using CRD with split plot arrangements, a pot experiment was conducted with Four number of replication for each treatment. Treatments were comprised of two temperature regimes: ambient (H0) and heat stress imposition at anthesis (H1), and four glutathione concentrations (0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.0 mM). Heat stress significantly reduced antioxidant activity and osmolytes accumulation by approximately (45–56%) and reduced yield related parameters by (40–55%), while indicators of oxidative stress (hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde and relative cell injury) increased by (48–53%). Foliar spray of glutathione, especially at 1.0 mM concentration, improved the SOD, POD, CAT and glutathione, osmolytes such TSP and proline and yield related parameters of rice under heat stress. The results demonstrate that foliar application of glutathione at flowering significantly mitigates heat stress induced oxidative damage, improves physiological performance and yield of fine rice under controlled environmental conditions.