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<p>Plants have evolved several mechanisms to mitigate the damage caused by cold stress. This study examined whether cold-induced small proteins (BdCISP2) in <i>Brachypodium distachyon</i> contribute to this strategy. Structural predictions using IUPred suggest that two BdCISP2 homologs (BdCISP2a and BdCISP2b) are intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) lacking defined tertiary structure, a characteristic confirmed by western blot analysis. RNA chaperone assay further confirmed that BdCISP2 binds RNA that has formed higher-order structures and promotes its conversion to single-stranded RNA. These results strongly suggest that BdCISP2 acts as an RNA chaperone under cold stress, maintaining translational activity. Additionally, heterologous expression of BdCISP2 in <i>E. coli</i> enhanced bacterial growth under cold conditions. Thus, BdCISP2 could improve cold tolerance in various organisms. To our knowledge, this study is the first to demonstrate the RNA chaperone mediated cold tolerance of the CISP family. These new findings deepen our understanding of the role of IDPs in cold stress tolerance and open new opportunities for plant breeding and biotechnology.</p>

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A Small Intrinsically Disordered Protein BdCISP2 in Brachypodium Distachyon Enhances Cold Tolerance

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月3日

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  • Arriel Fadhilah,
  • Mengchao Ying,
  • Yuuri Ito,
  • Shin-ichiro Kidou

摘要

Plants have evolved several mechanisms to mitigate the damage caused by cold stress. This study examined whether cold-induced small proteins (BdCISP2) in Brachypodium distachyon contribute to this strategy. Structural predictions using IUPred suggest that two BdCISP2 homologs (BdCISP2a and BdCISP2b) are intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) lacking defined tertiary structure, a characteristic confirmed by western blot analysis. RNA chaperone assay further confirmed that BdCISP2 binds RNA that has formed higher-order structures and promotes its conversion to single-stranded RNA. These results strongly suggest that BdCISP2 acts as an RNA chaperone under cold stress, maintaining translational activity. Additionally, heterologous expression of BdCISP2 in E. coli enhanced bacterial growth under cold conditions. Thus, BdCISP2 could improve cold tolerance in various organisms. To our knowledge, this study is the first to demonstrate the RNA chaperone mediated cold tolerance of the CISP family. These new findings deepen our understanding of the role of IDPs in cold stress tolerance and open new opportunities for plant breeding and biotechnology.