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<p>Mungbean yellow mosaic India virus (MYMIV) continues to pose a major challenge to soybean productivity in South Asia; however, the molecular mechanisms driving cultivar-specific resistance remain poorly understood. This study employed an integrated multi-omics approach to investigate the defense responses in two soybean cultivars exhibiting contrasting disease phenotypes, SL 958 (resistant) and JS 335 (susceptible), upon MYMIV infection. Transcriptomic analysis revealed strong activation of defense-related pathways in SL 958, particularly the isoflavonoid biosynthesis pathway, with marked upregulation of <i>GmIF7-O-MT</i>, <i>GmPTS1</i>, <i>GmIFR</i>, <i>GmF4-RL</i>, and a <i>NmrA-</i>like domain-containing protein. Genes associated with RNA silencing (<i>GmDCL2A</i>, <i>GmSGS3</i>, <i>GmHSP90-1</i>, <i>GmHEN1A</i>), salicylic acid signalling, MAPK cascades, and MYB transcription factors were also prominently induced. These expression profiles were validated via qRT-PCR across multiple time points, reinforcing the transcriptomic findings. To complement the gene expression data, targeted metabolomic profiling was conducted using UPLC-QToF-ESI-MS/MS. Isoflavonoids, key defense-related secondary metabolites, were significantly enriched in SL 958 post-inoculation. Metabolites such as glycitein, daidzin, formononetin, malonylgenistin, biochanin A, and genistein exhibited robust accumulation in the resistant cultivar, closely mirroring the upregulation of their biosynthetic genes. This transcriptional-metabolomic alignment underscores a tightly coordinated defense response. This is the first integrative omics study to dissect MYMIV resistance in soybean, providing novel insights into the complex interplay between transcriptional regulation and metabolomic reprogramming. The identified genes and metabolites serve as valuable resources for molecular breeding and biotechnological interventions aimed at developing MYMIV-resistant soybean varieties, contributing to sustainable crop production.</p>

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Integrated Transcriptomics and Targeted Metabolomics Delineate the Mechanisms of MYMIV Resistance in Soybean Via Regulation of Isoflavonoid Biosynthesis, Hormone Signalling, and RNA Silencing Pathways

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月5日

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  • Dharmappa D. Chavan,
  • Samrat Paul,
  • Pooja Thapa,
  • Sharanbasappa D. Madival,
  • Susheel Kumar Sharma,
  • Supradip Saha,
  • Sanjay Kumar Lal,
  • Anirban Roy

摘要

Mungbean yellow mosaic India virus (MYMIV) continues to pose a major challenge to soybean productivity in South Asia; however, the molecular mechanisms driving cultivar-specific resistance remain poorly understood. This study employed an integrated multi-omics approach to investigate the defense responses in two soybean cultivars exhibiting contrasting disease phenotypes, SL 958 (resistant) and JS 335 (susceptible), upon MYMIV infection. Transcriptomic analysis revealed strong activation of defense-related pathways in SL 958, particularly the isoflavonoid biosynthesis pathway, with marked upregulation of GmIF7-O-MT, GmPTS1, GmIFR, GmF4-RL, and a NmrA-like domain-containing protein. Genes associated with RNA silencing (GmDCL2A, GmSGS3, GmHSP90-1, GmHEN1A), salicylic acid signalling, MAPK cascades, and MYB transcription factors were also prominently induced. These expression profiles were validated via qRT-PCR across multiple time points, reinforcing the transcriptomic findings. To complement the gene expression data, targeted metabolomic profiling was conducted using UPLC-QToF-ESI-MS/MS. Isoflavonoids, key defense-related secondary metabolites, were significantly enriched in SL 958 post-inoculation. Metabolites such as glycitein, daidzin, formononetin, malonylgenistin, biochanin A, and genistein exhibited robust accumulation in the resistant cultivar, closely mirroring the upregulation of their biosynthetic genes. This transcriptional-metabolomic alignment underscores a tightly coordinated defense response. This is the first integrative omics study to dissect MYMIV resistance in soybean, providing novel insights into the complex interplay between transcriptional regulation and metabolomic reprogramming. The identified genes and metabolites serve as valuable resources for molecular breeding and biotechnological interventions aimed at developing MYMIV-resistant soybean varieties, contributing to sustainable crop production.