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<p>Adventitious root (AR) formation is a critical step in the tissue culture of hawthorn, with endogenous hormones playing a central regulatory role. In this study, anatomical observations, endogenous hormone profiling, and transcriptome sequencing were performed during AR formation in <i>Crataegus altaica</i> (Loudon) Lange. The results showed that in vitro seedlings of <i>C. altaica</i> exhibit an induced rooting type, with root primordia originating from the vascular cambium. AR formation progressed through three distinct stages: induction, initiation, and expression. Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) levels were highest during the induction phase, declined steadily during initiation, and exhibited a slight increase during expression, whereas indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) levels peaked between days 5 and 10 of the initiation phase, followed by a continuous decline from day 10 to day 20. Abscisic acid (ABA) content decreased during the induction phase but increased steadily throughout both the initiation and expression phases. Transcriptome sequencing and weighted gene co-expression network analysis identified several modules which were significantly enriched in the plant hormone signal transduction pathway and associated with IAA, IBA, and ABA. Among these, 21 candidate genes and 3 hub genes related to the auxin pathway were identified. These results suggest that during the tissue culture of hawthorn, IBA is converted to IAA to promote AR formation, whereas ABA and auxin jointly regulate this process through dynamic interactions. This study lays the groundwork for future investigations into the molecular mechanisms underlying AR formation in hawthorn.</p>

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Physiological and Transcriptomic Analysis of Endogenous Hormones Regulating in Vitro Adventitious Root Formation in Crataegus Altaica

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月21日

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  • Jiaqi Zuo,
  • Bingshuai Du,
  • Huilan Nong,
  • Jianyi Liu,
  • Kerui Jing,
  • Siyuan Gao,
  • Ningguang Dong,
  • Jiaxin Meng

摘要

Adventitious root (AR) formation is a critical step in the tissue culture of hawthorn, with endogenous hormones playing a central regulatory role. In this study, anatomical observations, endogenous hormone profiling, and transcriptome sequencing were performed during AR formation in Crataegus altaica (Loudon) Lange. The results showed that in vitro seedlings of C. altaica exhibit an induced rooting type, with root primordia originating from the vascular cambium. AR formation progressed through three distinct stages: induction, initiation, and expression. Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) levels were highest during the induction phase, declined steadily during initiation, and exhibited a slight increase during expression, whereas indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) levels peaked between days 5 and 10 of the initiation phase, followed by a continuous decline from day 10 to day 20. Abscisic acid (ABA) content decreased during the induction phase but increased steadily throughout both the initiation and expression phases. Transcriptome sequencing and weighted gene co-expression network analysis identified several modules which were significantly enriched in the plant hormone signal transduction pathway and associated with IAA, IBA, and ABA. Among these, 21 candidate genes and 3 hub genes related to the auxin pathway were identified. These results suggest that during the tissue culture of hawthorn, IBA is converted to IAA to promote AR formation, whereas ABA and auxin jointly regulate this process through dynamic interactions. This study lays the groundwork for future investigations into the molecular mechanisms underlying AR formation in hawthorn.