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<p>This study evaluated the effects of potassium nitrate (KNO<sub>3</sub>) rhizome priming on germination, physiological, biochemical, and yield attributes of turmeric (<i>Curcuma longa</i> L. var. IISR Pragati). Different KNO<sub>3</sub> concentrations (50–300 mM) were tested, and 200 mM was identified as optimal based on germination (92% vs. 74% in control), total chlorophyll (1716&#xa0;µg/mg FW), carbohydrate (18,443&#xa0;µg/mg), protein (5733&#xa0;µg/mg), and proline (668&#xa0;µg/mg) content, along with reduced malondialdehyde (MDA; 5.71 µmol/g). The multi-year experiment (2022–2025) consistently demonstrated significant improvements in growth traits, including plant height (112–134&#xa0;cm), tiller (4.33–5), and leaf number (10.66–12.33), leaf length (87–93.2&#xa0;cm), along with enhanced yield components in 200 mM KNO<sub>3</sub>-primed (T3) turmeric plants. Priming significantly enhanced rhizome production, with higher numbers and larger sizes of mother (5.33–6.9&#xa0;cm), primary (10.5–11.66&#xa0;cm), and secondary (8.83–9.16&#xa0;cm) rhizomes, leading to fresh rhizome yield increases from 91.85&#xa0;g (control) to 285.23&#xa0;g (standardization), and up to 370.97&#xa0;g in 2022. Curcumin content was also substantially improved. Biochemical profiling revealed enhanced photosynthetic pigment levels and metabolic activity, alongside reduced oxidative stress in primed plants. Protein profiling by SDS–PAGE revealed greater band intensity in KNO<sub>3</sub>-primed leaves compared to the control, indicating an upregulated protein synthesis and metabolic activation. Overall, moderate KNO<sub>3</sub> priming (200 mM for 24&#xa0;h) significantly improved physiological efficiency and protein-level modulation, thereby improving growth and stress resilience in turmeric. This simple, low-cost, and environmentally sustainable approach provides a scalable strategy for enhancing turmeric yield and quality under variable climatic conditions, with potential applicability to other rhizomatous crops.</p>

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Evaluation of Potassium Nitrate (KNO3) Priming on Germination, Physiological, Biochemical, Protein Profiling, and Yield Attributes of Turmeric (Curcuma Longa L.)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月21日

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  • Athira TR,
  • Jisha KC

摘要

This study evaluated the effects of potassium nitrate (KNO3) rhizome priming on germination, physiological, biochemical, and yield attributes of turmeric (Curcuma longa L. var. IISR Pragati). Different KNO3 concentrations (50–300 mM) were tested, and 200 mM was identified as optimal based on germination (92% vs. 74% in control), total chlorophyll (1716 µg/mg FW), carbohydrate (18,443 µg/mg), protein (5733 µg/mg), and proline (668 µg/mg) content, along with reduced malondialdehyde (MDA; 5.71 µmol/g). The multi-year experiment (2022–2025) consistently demonstrated significant improvements in growth traits, including plant height (112–134 cm), tiller (4.33–5), and leaf number (10.66–12.33), leaf length (87–93.2 cm), along with enhanced yield components in 200 mM KNO3-primed (T3) turmeric plants. Priming significantly enhanced rhizome production, with higher numbers and larger sizes of mother (5.33–6.9 cm), primary (10.5–11.66 cm), and secondary (8.83–9.16 cm) rhizomes, leading to fresh rhizome yield increases from 91.85 g (control) to 285.23 g (standardization), and up to 370.97 g in 2022. Curcumin content was also substantially improved. Biochemical profiling revealed enhanced photosynthetic pigment levels and metabolic activity, alongside reduced oxidative stress in primed plants. Protein profiling by SDS–PAGE revealed greater band intensity in KNO3-primed leaves compared to the control, indicating an upregulated protein synthesis and metabolic activation. Overall, moderate KNO3 priming (200 mM for 24 h) significantly improved physiological efficiency and protein-level modulation, thereby improving growth and stress resilience in turmeric. This simple, low-cost, and environmentally sustainable approach provides a scalable strategy for enhancing turmeric yield and quality under variable climatic conditions, with potential applicability to other rhizomatous crops.