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<p>Nitrogen (N) availability is a primary determinant of rice productivity, with direct effects on morpho-physiological performance, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), and yield. In this study, we examined the responses of IR64 rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.) to graded nitrate concentrations (0–20 mM) through integrated physiological, biochemical, and molecular analyses. An optimal supply of 10 mM N significantly enhanced biomass accumulation, tiller formation, chlorophyll content, and grain fertility while sustaining photosystem II efficiency and membrane stability. In contrast, N deficiency (≤ 0.25 mM) suppressed pigment biosynthesis and photosynthetic activity, impaired water status, and elevated oxidative stress markers, including hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) accumulation and superoxide dismutase activity, ultimately reducing reproductive performance. Excessive N (20 mM) caused metabolic imbalance, root growth inhibition, delayed flowering, and partial panicle sterility. Transcriptional profiling revealed that N deficiency upregulated <i>OsNRT1.2</i>, <i>OsNPF6.1</i>, and <i>OsNR2</i>, consistent with enhanced nitrate uptake and assimilation, whereas excess N induced <i>OsNIT1</i> expression, suggesting a potential but unconfirmed role in nitrite detoxification. Collectively, these findings identify a critical N supply window for IR64 that optimizes physiological efficiency and yield while minimizing stress, highlighting the importance of genotype-specific and precision-based N management strategies in sustainable rice cultivation.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Optimizing Nitrogen Supply in IR64 Rice (Oryza Sativa L.) to Enhance Nitrogen Use Efficiency, Growth, Yield Potential, and Stress Response

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月17日

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  • Bikash Kumar Kundu,
  • Pubasri Chutia,
  • Kunal Boro,
  • Preetom Regon,
  • Pankaj Borgohain,
  • Arun Kumar Dutta,
  • Niraj Agarwala,
  • Bhaben Tanti

摘要

Nitrogen (N) availability is a primary determinant of rice productivity, with direct effects on morpho-physiological performance, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), and yield. In this study, we examined the responses of IR64 rice (Oryza sativa L.) to graded nitrate concentrations (0–20 mM) through integrated physiological, biochemical, and molecular analyses. An optimal supply of 10 mM N significantly enhanced biomass accumulation, tiller formation, chlorophyll content, and grain fertility while sustaining photosystem II efficiency and membrane stability. In contrast, N deficiency (≤ 0.25 mM) suppressed pigment biosynthesis and photosynthetic activity, impaired water status, and elevated oxidative stress markers, including hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) accumulation and superoxide dismutase activity, ultimately reducing reproductive performance. Excessive N (20 mM) caused metabolic imbalance, root growth inhibition, delayed flowering, and partial panicle sterility. Transcriptional profiling revealed that N deficiency upregulated OsNRT1.2, OsNPF6.1, and OsNR2, consistent with enhanced nitrate uptake and assimilation, whereas excess N induced OsNIT1 expression, suggesting a potential but unconfirmed role in nitrite detoxification. Collectively, these findings identify a critical N supply window for IR64 that optimizes physiological efficiency and yield while minimizing stress, highlighting the importance of genotype-specific and precision-based N management strategies in sustainable rice cultivation.

Graphical Abstract