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<p>Ginsenosides have garnered considerable attention in pharmacological field, yet their impacts on plant growth and development remain poorly investigated. We investigated the effects of Rb1 on root development in rice seedlings by treating them with various concentrations of ginsenoside Rb1 (0.08, 0.4, 2, and 10&#xa0;mg/L). Subsequently, through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and RT-qPCR analysis, we elucidated an auxin-dependent regulatory mechanism for ginsenoside Rb1 mediates root development. Our experimental results demonstrated that Rb1 at low concentrations (0.08–0.4&#xa0;mg/L) significantly enhanced primary root elongation, lateral root (LR) length, and LR density compared to controls. In contrast, 10&#xa0;mg/L Rb1 treatment exhibited no significant growth-promoting effect. Additionally, when Rb1 (0.4&#xa0;mg/L) was combined with low-concentration IAA (0.08 µM), it inhibited primary root elongation and increased LR density but had no significant effect on LR length. Conversely, the combination of Rb1 (0.4&#xa0;mg/L) with high-concentration IAA (2 µM) markedly inhibited LR length while having no significant effect on LR density. Pharmacological inhibition of auxin biosynthesis (via 4-biphenylboronic acid, BBo), polar transport (using 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid, TIBA), or signaling (through <i>p</i>-chlorophenoxyisobutyric acid, PCIB) attenuated Rb1-induced root growth. These results revealed that the effect of Rb1 on root development depends on the concentration of auxin. ELISA quantification found that Rb1 increased endogenous IAA level in roots. RT-qPCR analyses further indicated that Rb1 upregulated the expression of auxin biosynthesis gene <i>YUCCA1</i>, signaling component genes (<i>ARF19</i>, <i>IAA9</i>, <i>IAA20</i>), and downstream transcription factor gene <i>LBD5-3</i>. Collectively, these findings highlight that Rb1 modulates root architecture by fine-tuning auxin homeostasis and signaling pathways, providing a novel perspective for employing ginsenoside Rb1 as a plant growth regulator to enhance root development in agricultural applications.</p>

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Ginsenoside Rb1 Promotes Root Development by Modulating Auxin Homeostasis and Signaling in Rice Seedlings

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月10日

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  • Xingzeng Zhao,
  • Linrun Zhang,
  • Ziyan Wang,
  • Jianke Du,
  • Yang Ni,
  • Mengyang Xu,
  • Xiaodong Jia,
  • Cheng-Hang Liu

摘要

Ginsenosides have garnered considerable attention in pharmacological field, yet their impacts on plant growth and development remain poorly investigated. We investigated the effects of Rb1 on root development in rice seedlings by treating them with various concentrations of ginsenoside Rb1 (0.08, 0.4, 2, and 10 mg/L). Subsequently, through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and RT-qPCR analysis, we elucidated an auxin-dependent regulatory mechanism for ginsenoside Rb1 mediates root development. Our experimental results demonstrated that Rb1 at low concentrations (0.08–0.4 mg/L) significantly enhanced primary root elongation, lateral root (LR) length, and LR density compared to controls. In contrast, 10 mg/L Rb1 treatment exhibited no significant growth-promoting effect. Additionally, when Rb1 (0.4 mg/L) was combined with low-concentration IAA (0.08 µM), it inhibited primary root elongation and increased LR density but had no significant effect on LR length. Conversely, the combination of Rb1 (0.4 mg/L) with high-concentration IAA (2 µM) markedly inhibited LR length while having no significant effect on LR density. Pharmacological inhibition of auxin biosynthesis (via 4-biphenylboronic acid, BBo), polar transport (using 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid, TIBA), or signaling (through p-chlorophenoxyisobutyric acid, PCIB) attenuated Rb1-induced root growth. These results revealed that the effect of Rb1 on root development depends on the concentration of auxin. ELISA quantification found that Rb1 increased endogenous IAA level in roots. RT-qPCR analyses further indicated that Rb1 upregulated the expression of auxin biosynthesis gene YUCCA1, signaling component genes (ARF19, IAA9, IAA20), and downstream transcription factor gene LBD5-3. Collectively, these findings highlight that Rb1 modulates root architecture by fine-tuning auxin homeostasis and signaling pathways, providing a novel perspective for employing ginsenoside Rb1 as a plant growth regulator to enhance root development in agricultural applications.