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<p>Climate change significantly impacts horticultural crop productivity worldwide, as rising temperatures directly affect crop yields. Tomatoes <i>(Solanum lycopersicum</i>) play a vital role in horticulture, significantly enhancing global food security and nutrition while contributing to the economic growth of many countries. Unfortunately, their production is increasingly threatened by soaring temperatures, particularly during critical reproductive phases. This article examines the intricate physiological, biochemical, molecular, and genetic mechanisms through which tomatoes sense and respond to heat stress (HS). Key tolerance strategies include the activation of heat shock proteins (HSPs) and heat shock factors (HSFs), modulation of phytohormone signaling pathways, accumulation of osmoprotectants, and enhancement of antioxidant enzyme activities to mitigate damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Recent advancements in genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing have clarified essential genes, transcription factors, and quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with thermotolerance. Additionally, agronomic practices such as organic mulching, the use of microbial inoculants, and the adoption of protected culture methods support genetic efforts. Notwithstanding these accomplishments, problems persist, including the integration of multi-omics data, the validation of candidate genes in real-world applications, and the development of heat-resistant tomato varieties through molecular breeding. This paper highlights the ongoing advancements and potential pathways for creating heat-tolerant tomato cultivars, offering strategic insights for sustaining tomato production in the face of climate change.</p>

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Genetic and Molecular Adaptations of Tomatoes to Heat Stress (HS): Unraveling the Frameworks of Thermal Resilience

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月6日

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  • Alexander Dumbai Joe,
  • Runze Liu,
  • Xiao Luo,
  • Meng Liu,
  • Ruqiyas Syed,
  • Farham Aslam,
  • Charles Amos George Barclay,
  • Zhitian Zheng

摘要

Climate change significantly impacts horticultural crop productivity worldwide, as rising temperatures directly affect crop yields. Tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum) play a vital role in horticulture, significantly enhancing global food security and nutrition while contributing to the economic growth of many countries. Unfortunately, their production is increasingly threatened by soaring temperatures, particularly during critical reproductive phases. This article examines the intricate physiological, biochemical, molecular, and genetic mechanisms through which tomatoes sense and respond to heat stress (HS). Key tolerance strategies include the activation of heat shock proteins (HSPs) and heat shock factors (HSFs), modulation of phytohormone signaling pathways, accumulation of osmoprotectants, and enhancement of antioxidant enzyme activities to mitigate damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Recent advancements in genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing have clarified essential genes, transcription factors, and quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with thermotolerance. Additionally, agronomic practices such as organic mulching, the use of microbial inoculants, and the adoption of protected culture methods support genetic efforts. Notwithstanding these accomplishments, problems persist, including the integration of multi-omics data, the validation of candidate genes in real-world applications, and the development of heat-resistant tomato varieties through molecular breeding. This paper highlights the ongoing advancements and potential pathways for creating heat-tolerant tomato cultivars, offering strategic insights for sustaining tomato production in the face of climate change.