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<p><i>Hemerocallis</i> is a horticultural plant with high ornamental value, yet its aroma formation mechanism remains poorly studied. In this study, 4 aromatic <i>Hemerocallis</i> varieties, ‘Jinzi’ (‘JZ’), ‘Zuixiangfei’ (‘ZXF’), ‘Xiangmali’ (‘XML’), and ‘Lengjunzi’ (‘LJZ’), were analyzed for petal volatiles using headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) and for the expression of four key terpene biosynthesis genes (<i>HfDXS</i>, <i>HfFPPS</i>, <i>HfHMGR</i>, and <i>HfIDI</i>) <i>via</i> quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). A total of 79 volatile compounds were identified, and ‘XML’ contained the highest number of volatiles (44), followed by ‘JZ’ (41), ‘ZXF’ (38), and ‘LJZ’ (34). Terpenes were the most abundant class, with relative contents ranging from 25.93% (‘ZXF’) to 49.55% (‘XML’). Seventeen characteristic aroma compounds were defined based on OAV values, contributing to floral, fruity, and grassy notes. Notably, (<i>E</i>)-β-ocimene showed the highest OAVs (2035-9767.5), followed by phenylacetaldehyde (161.92-543.56). In addition, the expression of <i>HfDXS</i> was the highest in ‘JZ’ (~ 3.5-fold higher than in ‘LJZ’) and the lowest in ‘LJZ’; the expression levels of <i>HfFPPS</i>, <i>HfHMGR</i>, and <i>HfIDI</i> in ‘XML’ were higher than those of others. Furthermore, the monoterpene content was consistent with the combined expression trend of <i>HfDXS</i> and <i>HfIDI</i> (‘JZ’ &gt; ‘XML’ &gt; ‘ZXF’ &gt; ‘LJZ’), while sesquiterpene accumulation showed a slightly different pattern (‘XML’ &gt; ‘ZXF’ &gt; ‘LJZ’ &gt; ‘JZ’). In conclusion, this study explored the expression of volatile/aroma compounds and related genes related to terpenes synthesis pathway in different <i>Hemerocallis</i> varieties, which may provide critical insights for breeding fragrant varieties of <i>Hemerocallis</i>.</p>

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Differences in Volatile Composition and Expression of Genes Involved in Terpenes Biosynthesis in Hemerocallis Species

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月28日

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  • Wenjie Gao,
  • Yuyang Li,
  • Xingran Kou,
  • Qinfei Ke,
  • Feng Chen,
  • Guiling Liu,
  • Qingran Meng

摘要

Hemerocallis is a horticultural plant with high ornamental value, yet its aroma formation mechanism remains poorly studied. In this study, 4 aromatic Hemerocallis varieties, ‘Jinzi’ (‘JZ’), ‘Zuixiangfei’ (‘ZXF’), ‘Xiangmali’ (‘XML’), and ‘Lengjunzi’ (‘LJZ’), were analyzed for petal volatiles using headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) and for the expression of four key terpene biosynthesis genes (HfDXS, HfFPPS, HfHMGR, and HfIDI) via quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). A total of 79 volatile compounds were identified, and ‘XML’ contained the highest number of volatiles (44), followed by ‘JZ’ (41), ‘ZXF’ (38), and ‘LJZ’ (34). Terpenes were the most abundant class, with relative contents ranging from 25.93% (‘ZXF’) to 49.55% (‘XML’). Seventeen characteristic aroma compounds were defined based on OAV values, contributing to floral, fruity, and grassy notes. Notably, (E)-β-ocimene showed the highest OAVs (2035-9767.5), followed by phenylacetaldehyde (161.92-543.56). In addition, the expression of HfDXS was the highest in ‘JZ’ (~ 3.5-fold higher than in ‘LJZ’) and the lowest in ‘LJZ’; the expression levels of HfFPPS, HfHMGR, and HfIDI in ‘XML’ were higher than those of others. Furthermore, the monoterpene content was consistent with the combined expression trend of HfDXS and HfIDI (‘JZ’ > ‘XML’ > ‘ZXF’ > ‘LJZ’), while sesquiterpene accumulation showed a slightly different pattern (‘XML’ > ‘ZXF’ > ‘LJZ’ > ‘JZ’). In conclusion, this study explored the expression of volatile/aroma compounds and related genes related to terpenes synthesis pathway in different Hemerocallis varieties, which may provide critical insights for breeding fragrant varieties of Hemerocallis.