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<p>Light spectral quality plays a critical role in regulating plant growth, development, and responses to abiotic stress. In this study, the effects of different spectral qualities monochromatic red (660&#xa0;nm), blue (460&#xa0;nm), orange (615&#xa0;nm), white/yellow light (full spectrum, 400–700&#xa0;nm), and ambient light (control) were investigated under both normal and salinity (NaCl-induced) conditions to assess their influence on the growth and physiological responses of maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.). Plants were exposed to ten treatments including control and salinity-stressed variants for 30 days under controlled environmental conditions. Morphological traits such as shoot and root length, fresh and dry biomass, as well as physiological parameters including chlorophyll content, gas exchange traits, and water use efficiency, were significantly influenced by light quality. Red and blue light enhanced photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and chlorophyll content, while mitigating the adverse effects of salinity. Antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, POD, CAT, APX) and expression of related genes were markedly upregulated under red and blue light, especially under saline conditions, indicating improved ROS detoxification. Light treatments also modulated secondary metabolite accumulation and the ASA-GSH cycle, with red light showing the most pronounced protective effects. Salinity led to increased Na⁺ and Cl⁻ accumulation and oxidative stress, which were alleviated by optimal light spectra through enhanced antioxidant and osmoprotectant responses, including proline metabolism. The findings demonstrate that specific light spectra, particularly red and blue, can significantly enhance maize tolerance to salinity stress by improving photosynthetic efficiency, antioxidant capacity, and ion homeostasis.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Spectral Light Quality Regulates Salinity Stress Tolerance in Maize (Zea Mays L.) by Enhancing Photosynthetic Efficiency and Antioxidant Mechanisms

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月18日

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  • Arwa Abdulkreem AL-Huqail,
  • Doaa Bahaa Eldin Darwish,
  • Suliman Mohammed Suliman Alghanem,
  • Sami Asir Al-Robai,
  • Haifa Abdul Aziz Sakit Alhaithloul,
  • Amany H.A. Abeed

摘要

Light spectral quality plays a critical role in regulating plant growth, development, and responses to abiotic stress. In this study, the effects of different spectral qualities monochromatic red (660 nm), blue (460 nm), orange (615 nm), white/yellow light (full spectrum, 400–700 nm), and ambient light (control) were investigated under both normal and salinity (NaCl-induced) conditions to assess their influence on the growth and physiological responses of maize (Zea mays L.). Plants were exposed to ten treatments including control and salinity-stressed variants for 30 days under controlled environmental conditions. Morphological traits such as shoot and root length, fresh and dry biomass, as well as physiological parameters including chlorophyll content, gas exchange traits, and water use efficiency, were significantly influenced by light quality. Red and blue light enhanced photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and chlorophyll content, while mitigating the adverse effects of salinity. Antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, POD, CAT, APX) and expression of related genes were markedly upregulated under red and blue light, especially under saline conditions, indicating improved ROS detoxification. Light treatments also modulated secondary metabolite accumulation and the ASA-GSH cycle, with red light showing the most pronounced protective effects. Salinity led to increased Na⁺ and Cl⁻ accumulation and oxidative stress, which were alleviated by optimal light spectra through enhanced antioxidant and osmoprotectant responses, including proline metabolism. The findings demonstrate that specific light spectra, particularly red and blue, can significantly enhance maize tolerance to salinity stress by improving photosynthetic efficiency, antioxidant capacity, and ion homeostasis.

Graphical Abstract