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<p>Enhancing the availability of nutrients to plants is a key target for improving agricultural sustainability, and microbial inoculation can be a promising option. To explore this aspect, the influence of two cyanobacterial inoculants [Cyanobacterial consortium (BF1-4): comprising two species each of <i>Anabaena</i> and <i>Nostoc</i> genera and An-Tr biofilm (<i>Anabaena torulosa</i>-<i>Trichoderma viride</i>)] was investigated in a set of elite maize genotypes-two parents G1 and G2 (High and low yielders respectively V345PV, V335PV) and their hybrid G3 (V335PV × V345PV), at seedling and reproductive stages respectively. Hybrid G3 recorded significantly higher values, which were further stimulated by cyanobacterial inoculants, mainly, in terms of soil biological attributes and nutrient availability, particularly, microbial biomass carbon (12.1–41%). Phospholipid fatty acid (PLFAs) profiles highlighted key changes in the composition of soil microbial communities. Differential regulation of key nitrogen assimilation genes was recorded with BF1-4 treatment significantly upregulating <i>ZmGOGAT1</i> expression in roots and shoots by 2.5–4.8 and 0.3–twofold, during both seedling and flowering stages respectively, while An-Tr led to 2.6 and 4.5-fold increase at flowering stage in roots and shoots. The expression of <i>ZmGS1;1</i>, a gene encoding cytosolic glutamine synthetase, was significantly upregulated in shoots at flowering stage by both treatments, with the An-Tr biofilm showing a higher fold increase (4.8) over control. Inoculation effects were distinct with 0.4 to 0.9-fold stimulation even in ear husk tissues at flowering stage. This study highlighted that bioinoculants can modulate the expression of nitrogen assimilation pathways to optimize plant nitrogen mobilization n and enhance overall growth in maize.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Elicitation and Stimulation of Nitrogen Metabolism and Growth by Cyanobacterial Inoculation in Maize

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月26日

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  • Vikas Sharma,
  • Radha Prasanna,
  • Firoz Hossain,
  • Vignesh Muthusamy,
  • Lata Nain,
  • Yashbir Singh Shivay

摘要

Enhancing the availability of nutrients to plants is a key target for improving agricultural sustainability, and microbial inoculation can be a promising option. To explore this aspect, the influence of two cyanobacterial inoculants [Cyanobacterial consortium (BF1-4): comprising two species each of Anabaena and Nostoc genera and An-Tr biofilm (Anabaena torulosa-Trichoderma viride)] was investigated in a set of elite maize genotypes-two parents G1 and G2 (High and low yielders respectively V345PV, V335PV) and their hybrid G3 (V335PV × V345PV), at seedling and reproductive stages respectively. Hybrid G3 recorded significantly higher values, which were further stimulated by cyanobacterial inoculants, mainly, in terms of soil biological attributes and nutrient availability, particularly, microbial biomass carbon (12.1–41%). Phospholipid fatty acid (PLFAs) profiles highlighted key changes in the composition of soil microbial communities. Differential regulation of key nitrogen assimilation genes was recorded with BF1-4 treatment significantly upregulating ZmGOGAT1 expression in roots and shoots by 2.5–4.8 and 0.3–twofold, during both seedling and flowering stages respectively, while An-Tr led to 2.6 and 4.5-fold increase at flowering stage in roots and shoots. The expression of ZmGS1;1, a gene encoding cytosolic glutamine synthetase, was significantly upregulated in shoots at flowering stage by both treatments, with the An-Tr biofilm showing a higher fold increase (4.8) over control. Inoculation effects were distinct with 0.4 to 0.9-fold stimulation even in ear husk tissues at flowering stage. This study highlighted that bioinoculants can modulate the expression of nitrogen assimilation pathways to optimize plant nitrogen mobilization n and enhance overall growth in maize.

Graphical Abstract