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<p>Wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) spike primordia development, which is facilitated by a complex molecular network, is crucial to the final yield. Because the early developmental period of a spike primordia is particularly susceptible to temperature, it is critical to understand the overall genetic response to temperature stress. In this study, we investigated the transcriptome of Korean wheat cultivar ‘Keumgang’ spike primordia exposed to cold (4 ℃ for 3&#xa0;days) and heat (32&#xa0;℃ for 3&#xa0;days) stress during early development. We also found that photosynthesis-related genes were severely affected by both heat and cold stress. Furthermore, cold treatment increased the relative expression level of <i>FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC)</i>, one of the <i>MADS-box</i> genes involved in inflorescence development, possibly delaying flowering. Additionally, upregulation of the <i>histone methyltransferase (HMT)</i> gene family and downregulation of histone-coding genes suggested a significant role of epigenetic regulation in the stress response. We also discovered that heat stress activated more stress-related pathways, including hormone signaling, the MAPK cascade, and protein ubiquitination. Overall, our study clarified the inflorescence gene responses to temperature stress and proposed candidate genes that may influence stress tolerance and wheat spikelet development. These findings provide insight into overcoming temperature stress and increasing wheat yield.</p>

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Transcriptome Response of Developing Wheat Spike Primordia under Heat and Cold Temperature Stresses

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月1日

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  • Woo Joo Jung,
  • Ji Hyeon Jeong,
  • Changheon Kim,
  • Yong Weon Seo

摘要

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) spike primordia development, which is facilitated by a complex molecular network, is crucial to the final yield. Because the early developmental period of a spike primordia is particularly susceptible to temperature, it is critical to understand the overall genetic response to temperature stress. In this study, we investigated the transcriptome of Korean wheat cultivar ‘Keumgang’ spike primordia exposed to cold (4 ℃ for 3 days) and heat (32 ℃ for 3 days) stress during early development. We also found that photosynthesis-related genes were severely affected by both heat and cold stress. Furthermore, cold treatment increased the relative expression level of FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC), one of the MADS-box genes involved in inflorescence development, possibly delaying flowering. Additionally, upregulation of the histone methyltransferase (HMT) gene family and downregulation of histone-coding genes suggested a significant role of epigenetic regulation in the stress response. We also discovered that heat stress activated more stress-related pathways, including hormone signaling, the MAPK cascade, and protein ubiquitination. Overall, our study clarified the inflorescence gene responses to temperature stress and proposed candidate genes that may influence stress tolerance and wheat spikelet development. These findings provide insight into overcoming temperature stress and increasing wheat yield.