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<p>The grapevine is considered one of the most sensitive cultivated plants, responsive to its surrounding environment. This study focused on the dynamic growth and development of ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ grapes from six sub-regions of the eastern foothills of the Helan Mountain in Ningxia, examining the physiological and molecular levels to reveal potential regulatory pathways for controlling berry quality. The results indicated that the development process of grape berries was generally similar across different sub-regions, although physiological characteristics varied by stage. Moreover, the study identified and quantified 20 quality metabolites, and the Kruskal–Wallis test showed significant differences in berry quality among sub-regions. Delphinidin, malvidin, fructose, glucose, isorhamnetin, tartaric acid and quercetin were identified as potential biomarkers. Transcriptome analysis of grape in sub-regions elucidated the molecular basis of quality formation. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis showed that many differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were associated with the biosynthesis of the primary and secondary metabolites. These metabolites included flavonoids, carbohydrates, and phenylpropanoid pathways. Mfuzz was used to cluster gene expression, identified up-regulated gene clusters tended to carbohydrate metabolism and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, conducive to the accumulation and formation of secondary metabolites in berries. Additionally, the weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) identified seven modules significantly related to berry quality, and quality-related genes (including sugar-related genes (glgC, PFK9, scrK, fba, PFKFB1), flavonoid-related key biosynthesis genes (C12RT1, CYP75A, GT1, F3H, CYP75B1), transporter genes (GST), many transcription factors (MYB, bHLH, NAC, WARK, and CPRF) were identified. To conclude, the present research provided new insights into the regulation of the grape flavor metabolism in sub-regions and lays a foundation for improving of grape quality.</p>

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Multivariate Analysis Reveals the Regulatory Network Mechanisms of Geographical Origin Quality of ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ Grapevine

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月30日

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  • Yanhua Ren,
  • Shaonan Li,
  • Abdul Hakeem,
  • Tianyu Dong,
  • Xuxian Xuan,
  • Dan Pei,
  • Jinggui Fang

摘要

The grapevine is considered one of the most sensitive cultivated plants, responsive to its surrounding environment. This study focused on the dynamic growth and development of ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ grapes from six sub-regions of the eastern foothills of the Helan Mountain in Ningxia, examining the physiological and molecular levels to reveal potential regulatory pathways for controlling berry quality. The results indicated that the development process of grape berries was generally similar across different sub-regions, although physiological characteristics varied by stage. Moreover, the study identified and quantified 20 quality metabolites, and the Kruskal–Wallis test showed significant differences in berry quality among sub-regions. Delphinidin, malvidin, fructose, glucose, isorhamnetin, tartaric acid and quercetin were identified as potential biomarkers. Transcriptome analysis of grape in sub-regions elucidated the molecular basis of quality formation. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis showed that many differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were associated with the biosynthesis of the primary and secondary metabolites. These metabolites included flavonoids, carbohydrates, and phenylpropanoid pathways. Mfuzz was used to cluster gene expression, identified up-regulated gene clusters tended to carbohydrate metabolism and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, conducive to the accumulation and formation of secondary metabolites in berries. Additionally, the weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) identified seven modules significantly related to berry quality, and quality-related genes (including sugar-related genes (glgC, PFK9, scrK, fba, PFKFB1), flavonoid-related key biosynthesis genes (C12RT1, CYP75A, GT1, F3H, CYP75B1), transporter genes (GST), many transcription factors (MYB, bHLH, NAC, WARK, and CPRF) were identified. To conclude, the present research provided new insights into the regulation of the grape flavor metabolism in sub-regions and lays a foundation for improving of grape quality.