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<p>The breeding of ornamental pepper fruit color is one of the research hotspots of breeders at present. In this study, total carotenoid content and <i>capsanthin–capsorubin synthase</i> (<i>CCS</i>) transcript abundance were significantly higher in red ornamental pepper cultivars than orange and yellow cultivars. The red cultivars (B3, C2, W6) could encode the full-length CDS of <i>CCS</i> genes with 1497&#xa0;bp, encoding 498 amino acids. The orange cultivars G1, W9, G3, W4-3, W4-2, and W5 can encode 1496&#xa0;bp encoding 494 amino acids. Orange cultivars S1-1, B7, W4-1, and yellow cultivar G2 failed to encode CDS fragments. The results indicated&#xa0;that two possible reasons for the absence of red pigment in non-red cultivars. A deletion of the C nucleotide at 1265&#xa0;bp in the CDS fragment of some orange cultivars was found, which led to a frameshift mutation. Another possible reason was the lack of the <i>CCS</i> gene in some cultivars like S1-1, B7, W4-1, and G2. To further validate the critical role of the <i>CCS</i> gene, TRV-mediated VIGS was used to silence the <i>CCS</i> gene after transcription. The silenced red cultivars B3 and C2 failed to turn red at maturity. This study revealed the key role of the <i>CCS</i> gene in the color development of ornamental pepper fruit at maturity and provided a reference for fruit color breeding.</p>

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Expression Analysis and Functional Characterization of the Capsanthin–Capsorubin Synthase (CCS) Gene in Ornamental Pepper Fruits

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月10日

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  • June Wang,
  • Yongmei Guo,
  • Daofen Zhou,
  • Jingqi Xian,
  • Jinyao He,
  • Yu An,
  • Jiaxin Li

摘要

The breeding of ornamental pepper fruit color is one of the research hotspots of breeders at present. In this study, total carotenoid content and capsanthin–capsorubin synthase (CCS) transcript abundance were significantly higher in red ornamental pepper cultivars than orange and yellow cultivars. The red cultivars (B3, C2, W6) could encode the full-length CDS of CCS genes with 1497 bp, encoding 498 amino acids. The orange cultivars G1, W9, G3, W4-3, W4-2, and W5 can encode 1496 bp encoding 494 amino acids. Orange cultivars S1-1, B7, W4-1, and yellow cultivar G2 failed to encode CDS fragments. The results indicated that two possible reasons for the absence of red pigment in non-red cultivars. A deletion of the C nucleotide at 1265 bp in the CDS fragment of some orange cultivars was found, which led to a frameshift mutation. Another possible reason was the lack of the CCS gene in some cultivars like S1-1, B7, W4-1, and G2. To further validate the critical role of the CCS gene, TRV-mediated VIGS was used to silence the CCS gene after transcription. The silenced red cultivars B3 and C2 failed to turn red at maturity. This study revealed the key role of the CCS gene in the color development of ornamental pepper fruit at maturity and provided a reference for fruit color breeding.